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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Ultrasonic imaging of tendon ducts enables the precise localisation of grouting faults in many cases. Additionally to well known criteria for detecting grouting faults in tendon ducts recently new possibilities were developed. Two main effects influence the complex behaviour of wave propagation and reflection: a) different arrangement and number of strands or internal rebars; b) superposition of reflecting signals and different wave modes propagating into the interface region around the tendon duct. In order to understand the experimental results, EFIT modelling is performed (EFIT: Elastodynamic Finite Integration Technique).
The key objective of this work is to create a comprehensive comparison between experimental analysis methods for detecting crosslinking reaction in EVA encapsulant material during PV module fabrication process. Several analytical methods, spanning from classical gel content extraction measurements over different thermo-analytic and mechanical approaches to spectroscopic analysis as Thermally Stimulated Current (TSC), have been investigated as to their ability to reveal the crosslinking state of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA). The basic results show that TSC complements perfectly other thermal analysis methods like as Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) to determine fundamental properties of EVA such as molecular mobility characteristics and also to monitor the crosslinking reaction. Exothermic peak as revealed by DSC analysis can be used to estimate the crosslinking rate of EVA during PV module encapsulation process as fast quality control test. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L'objectif principal de ce travail est de permettre une meilleure compréhension entre les différentes techniques analyses expérimentales pour détecter la réaction de réticulation au niveau de lencapsulant Ethylène-Vinyle Acétate (EVA), durant le process de fabrication d'un module PV. Plusieurs méthodes d'analyse, allant du test classique d'extraction du taux de gel aux différentes techniques d'analyses thermomécaniques ainsi que les techniques d'analyse de spectroscopie comme le courant stimulé thermiquement (TSC), ont été étudiés pour permettre de révéler le phénomène de la réaction de réticulation de l'encapsulant l'EVA. Les résultats de base montrent que la TSC complète parfaitement d'autres méthodes d'analyses thermiques comme la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC), l'analyse mécanique dynamique (DMTA) pour déterminer les propriétés fondamentales de l'EVA. Ces techniques permettent de déterminer les caractéristiques relatives à la mobilité moléculaire et aussi pour mieux mettre en évidence la réaction de réticulation. Le pic exothermique comme révélé par l'analyse par DSC, peut être utilisé pour estimer le taux de réticulation de l'EVA au cours du process d'encapsulation du module PV comme un test rapide de contrôle de qualité.
Silicon photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) developed on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, owing to their high sensitivity and small footprint, show great potential for many chemical and biological sensing applications such as label-free detection in environmental monitoring, biomedical engineering, and food analysis. In this tutorial,we provide the theoretical background and give design guidelines for SOI-based MRR as well as examples of surface functionalization procedures for label-free detection of molecules. After introducing the advantages and perspectives of MRR, fundamentals of MRR are described in detail, followed by an introduction to the fabrication methods, which are based on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Optimization of MRR for chemical and biological sensing is provided, with special emphasis on the optimization of waveguide geometry. At this point, the difference between chemical bulk sensing and label-free surface sensing is explained, and definitions like waveguide sensitivity, ring sensitivity, overall sensitivity as well as the limit of detection (LoD) of MRR are introduced. Further, we show and explain chemical bulk sensing of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and provide a recipe for label-free surface sensing.
Silicon photonic micro-ring resonators (MRR) developed on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, owing to their high sensitivity and small footprint, show great potential for many chemical and biological sensing applications such as label-free detection in environmental monitoring, biomedical engineering, and food analysis. In this tutorial, we provide the theoretical background and give design guidelines for SOI-based MRR as well as examples of surface functionalization procedures for label-free detection of molecules.
After introducing the advantages and perspectives of MRR, fundamentals of MRR are described in detail, followed by an introduction to the fabrication methods, which are based on a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Optimization of MRR for chemical and biological sensing is provided, with special emphasis on the optimization of waveguide geometry. At this point, the difference between chemical bulk sensing and label-free surface sensing is explained, and definitions like waveguide sensitivity, ring sensitivity, overall sensitivity as well as the limit of detection (LoD) of MRR are introduced. Further, we show and explain chemical bulk sensing of sodium chloride (NaCl) in water and provide a recipe for label-free surface sensing.
The publicly available document encapsulates the first version of the Catalogue of Services of the future EC4Safenano Centre (CoS 2019).
The CoS 2019 is structured in 12 Service Categories and 27 Service Topics, for each of the 12 categories considered. This architecture configures a 12 x 27 matrix that allows ordering the potential EC4Safenano offer in 324 types of services/groups of services.
Each type of service/group of services is described, in a simple and friendly way, by means of a specific service sheet: the EC4Safenano - Service Data Sheet (EC4-SDS). These EC4-SDSs allow structuring and summarizing the information of each service, providing the customer with a concise view of characteristics of the service and also the contact details with the service provider.
The CoS 2019 deploys a map of services consisting of a set of 100 EC4-SDSs, covering 7 of the 12 Service Categories and 17 of the 27 Service Topics.
The harmonization of services is visualized as a future necessary step in EC4Safenano, in order to strengthen the offer and provide added value to customers with a growing offer of harmonized services in future versions of the CoS.
The information contained in this document is structured in 3 main sections, as follows:
• Catalogue structure. This section describes in short the main characteristics of the CoS 2019.
• Catalogue content. This section represents the core part of the document and encapsulates the set of 100 SDSs displaying the offer proposed by the CoS 2019.
• Online Catalogue. This section describes the resources implemented by EC4Safenano to facilitate the on-line consultation of the CoS 2019 by customers and other interested parties.
Short-range order has been investigated in Zr69.5Cu12Ni11Al7.5 and Zr41.5Ti41.5Ni17 metallic glasses using X-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. While both of these alloys are good glass formers, there is a difference in their glass-forming abilities (Zr41.5Ti41.5Ni17 > Zr69.5Cu12Ni11Al7.5). This difference is explained by inciting the relative importance of strong chemical order, icosahedral content, cluster symmetry and configuration diversity.
Investigation of interphases between thermoplastic and thermosetting polymers - an AFM approach
(2002)
This paper focuses on the preparation and characterization of crystalline thin films of rare-earth-doped sesquioxides (Y2O3, Lu2O3) grown by pulsed laser deposition on single-crystal (0001) sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the films with thicknesses between 1 nm and 500 nm were highly textured along the 111 direction. Using Rutherford backscattering analysis, the correct stoichiometric composition of the films was established. The emission and excitation spectra of europium-doped films with a thickness 100 nm look similar to those of the corresponding crystalline bulk material, whereas films with a thickness 20 nm show a completely different emission behavior.
To date, in the textile manufacturing process of warp knitting, trouble-shooting and process optimization mainly rely on empirical knowledge and experiments. This factor limits the achievable increase in productivity and quality. On the other hand, using simulations, different phenomena that affect the quality of the knitted fabric and the knitting process can be clarified in the run-up of the experiments. Consequently, an increase in quality and flexibility can be reached with reduced experimental effort. This paper presents a process simulation of the warp thread dynamics in the thread feeding system of a warp knitting machine. For this purpose, a continuum model of the warp thread that includes the spatial dynamics of the thread and the axial transport movement has been developed.
Advantage of a combined ultrasonic and eddy current examination for railway inspection trains
(2007)
Some years ago, two railway inspection trains (RIT) already equipped with ultrasound, had additional advanced eddy current techniques installed. Recently, a new RIT was equipped with a system that was designed, from the beginning, to employ a combination of these two techniques for non-destructive rail inspection. The eddy current technique has been developed to enable identification and evaluation of rolling contact fatigue (RCF) defects. The ultrasound technique is aimed at measurements in the rail bulk volume, which are not feasible using the eddy current technique. Experience gained from application has shown that clear improvement on rail inspection can be achieved. For example, following Deutsche Bahn DB (German Rail) AG guideline, defects which are classified as group 2 using ultrasound testing can be further labelled as 'distinguished positions' if, for example, head checking can be identified in the same position using the eddy current technique. In other words, the new technique is capable of identifying two fundamentally different types of defects occurring at the same location. Such defects can then be classified as Group 1, equivalent according to the DB AG guideline. Furthermore, problem cases in the past, such as the decision whether a weld or rail joint is present for a fishing table, can be reliably determined using additional information from the eddy current technique. In this paper, examples will be provided to demonstrate application.
Aluminas resulting from sols prepared via a modified Yoldas procedure were studied with differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential thermal gravimetrie (DTG), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al MAS NMR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) concerning their thermal properties, aluminum speciation and phase content.
Hydrolysis of aluminum-sec-butoxide in aluminum nitrate solutions allowed to prepare stable sols with varying NO3-/Al molar ratios, solids contents and pH values. Resulting sols contained different aluminum species including also Al13 polycations. Sol preparation conditions also determined aluminum speciation in solid products obtained after thermal treatments of gels obtained from these sols. Al13 polycations and AlO5 species were found to play an important role for thermally induced transformation from amorphous products via eta-Al2O3 to alpha-Al2O3. Intermediately formed eta-Al2O3 promotes the phase transformation to alpha-Al2O3.
The Scythica Vindobonensia, the new fragments on Gothic incursions into Roman provinces in the Balkans in the middle of the third century AD that were revealed some years ago in a Greek palimpsest at the Austrian National Library in Vienna (ÖNB), are commonly considered as one of the most important additions of the last decades to the corpus of texts from classical Antiquity. Tere is a high degree of confdence among scholars in supposing that the fragments come from the lost work Scythica written in Greek by the third-century historian P. Herennius Dexippus (Δέξιππος) of Athens. The new fragments have hence also been called Dexippus Vindobonensis. In his Scythica, Dexippus recorded wars of the Romans with the Goths (and other tribes) whom he called Scythians.
The work had been hitherto known only from excerpts and quotes by later authors. Eight pages of a Byzantine manuscript copy of the ancient text have survived hidden underneath the visible surface of the last four parchment folios of the Vienna manuscript Historicus graecus 73, f. 192r -195v4. The copy is written in a Greek calligraphic minuscule which has been estimated by palaeographers to be of the middle or the second half of the eleventh century. In the thirteenth century, the text (on each of the eight pages arranged in one column, with 30 lines per page) was washed of the parchment and the valuable material made from animal skin was re-used for Christian texts. The new writing largely covered the faded remnants of the original text. It thus became hidden from the human eye for more than seven hundred years. Its discovery by Jana Grusková, a classical philologist specialized in the transmission of Greek texts, resulted from a systematic review of all Greek palimpsests kept at the Austrian National Library in Vienna at the beginning of the twenty-first century and a detailed examination of the four folios in 2007-20097.
The molecular dynamics of addition-type poly(tricyclononenes) with Si-substituted bulky side groups has been investigated by a combination of neutron time-of-flight and neutron backscattering spectroscopy methods on a time scale from 0.1 ps to ca. 3 ns. The investigated poly(tricyclononenes) PTCNSi1 and PTCNSi2g both bear a high microporosity which makes them promising candidates for active separation layers for gas separation membranes. At least for larger gas molecules it is assumed that the pathways for diffusion require an enlargement of pre-existing micropores in terms of an activated zone. A low temperature relaxation process was found for both polymers by the performed neutron scattering experiments. This process was assigned to the methyl group rotation. It was analysed in terms of a jump diffusion in a three-fold potential. The analysis of the dependence of the elastic incoherent structure factor on the scattering vector yields the number of methyl groups which might be immobilized. For PTCNSi1 (3 methyl groups in the monomeric unit) it was found that all methyl groups take part in the methyl group rotation whereas for PTCNSi2g (6 methyl groups in monomeric unit) a considerable number of methyl groups are blocked in their rotation. This immobilization of methyl groups is due to the sterically demanding arrangement of the methyl groups in PTCNSi2g. This conclusion is further supported by the result that the activation energy for the methyl group rotation is three times higher for PTCNSi2g than that of PTCNSi1.
A Large Aperture UltraSonic (LAUS) system has been designed and built for testing thick concrete structures. The scalable system consists of twelve ultrasonic units, each hosting 32 individual shear wave transducers with mechanical dry point contact (DPC) to the concrete surface. The twelve units are attached to the concrete surface using a vacuum case which holds them in place during operation. Each LAUS unit can be placed individually depending on the surface condition and optimal ultrasonic condition, e.g. rebar position. Air pressure is supplied to each unit through an air hose. The following extended abstract is a short version of an article to be published in the special edition of ASCE JIS that will describe the outline of the system, the principle of functioning, the data processing and adapted reconstruction calculation based on SAFT as well as the system performance during first applications.