Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (66) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (52)
- Deutsch (12)
- Französisch (1)
- Spanisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Ground vibration (12)
- Layered soil (6)
- Track-soil interaction (6)
- Railway track (5)
- Slab track (5)
- Train passage (5)
- Vehicle-track interaction (5)
- Force transfer (3)
- Hammer impact (3)
- Mitigation (3)
- Train-induced ground vibration (3)
- Wavenumber integrals (3)
- Axle sequence (2)
- Excitation forces (2)
- Field tests (2)
- Finite element method (2)
- Finite-element boundary-element method (2)
- Rail roughness (2)
- Railway (2)
- Rayleigh wave (2)
- Resonance (2)
- Static axle loads (2)
- Track vibration (2)
- Vehicle–track interaction (2)
- Wave propagation (2)
- Acoplamiento Método de los Elementos de Contorno-Método de los Elementos Finitos (1)
- Amplitude-distance law (1)
- Attenuation (1)
- Axle box measurements (1)
- Axle impulses (1)
- Axle-load spectra (1)
- Ballast mat (1)
- Ballast track (1)
- Base isolation (1)
- Beam dynamics (1)
- Beam-soil interaction (1)
- Bending waves (1)
- Blasting charge (1)
- Boundary Element Method-Finite Element Method coupling (1)
- Boundary element (1)
- Boundary element method (1)
- Bridge (1)
- Bridge resonance (1)
- Bridge vibration (1)
- Building response (1)
- Cancellation (1)
- Combined finite-element boundary-element method (1)
- Compliance function (1)
- Components of excitation (1)
- Continuous soil (1)
- Continuously inhomogeneous soils (1)
- Drop height (1)
- Dynamic axle loads (1)
- Dynamic loads (1)
- Dynamic pile and pile group stiffness (1)
- Dynamic soil-structure interaction (1)
- Elastic length (1)
- Elastic track elements (1)
- Emission (1)
- Environmental vibrations (1)
- Experimental verification (1)
- Explosion (1)
- Fequency domain (1)
- Filter effect of the soil (1)
- Filter effects (1)
- Finite element (1)
- Finite-element method (1)
- Flexible car body (1)
- Flexible plate (1)
- Flexible wheelset (1)
- Floating slab track (1)
- Foundations (1)
- Frequency-wavenumber method (1)
- Geometric trackbed irregularities (1)
- Geometric vehicle and track irregularities (1)
- High-speed trains (1)
- Insertion loss (1)
- Interacción dinámica suelo-estructura (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interior load (1)
- Irregular soil (1)
- Irregularities (1)
- Irrégularités et forces roue-rail (1)
- Kinematic and inertial soil-pile-building (1)
- Layered soils (1)
- Mass drop (1)
- Material damping (1)
- Measured railway vibrations (1)
- Measurement campaigns (1)
- Measurements (1)
- Modal analysis (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Moving load (1)
- Multi-beam model (1)
- Multi-beam track model (1)
- Multi-beam-on-support model (1)
- Obstacles (1)
- Ondes du sol multicouche (1)
- Parametric excitation (1)
- Pile bending stiffness (1)
- Pile foundation (1)
- Plate-soil interaction (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Predictions (1)
- Quasi-static response; (1)
- Rail pad (1)
- Railway bridge (1)
- Railway forces (1)
- Railway induced vibration (1)
- Railway measurement campaign (1)
- Railway track vibration (1)
- Random dynamics and vibrations (1)
- Random stiffness variation (1)
- Randomly heterogeneous soil (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Resonancia en edificaciones (1)
- Resonant response (1)
- Rigid vehicle model (1)
- Scattered axle impulses (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Scattering damping (1)
- Sleeper pad (1)
- Soil forces (1)
- Soil stiffness (1)
- Soil transfer function (1)
- Soil-building interaction (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stiffness variation (1)
- Target stiffness (1)
- Track (1)
- Track alignment (1)
- Track and vehicle irregularities (1)
- Track damage (1)
- Track damage monitoring (1)
- Track damage quantification (1)
- Track deflection (1)
- Track deformation (1)
- Track displacements (1)
- Track dynamic (1)
- Track filter (1)
- Track filtering (1)
- Track-soil and vehicle-track resonances (1)
- Train induced ground vibration (1)
- Train speed (1)
- Train-induced vibration (1)
- Trench (1)
- Tunnel (1)
- Tunnel-to-surface reduction (1)
- Under-sleeper pads (1)
- Varying track stiffness (1)
- Vehicle-track-soil interaction (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Vibration isolation (1)
- Vibration reduction (1)
- Wave attenuation (1)
- Wave excitation (1)
- Wavenumber domain (1)
- Wavenumber method (1)
- Wheel out-of-roundness (1)
- Wheel-rail irregularities and forces (1)
- Wheelset (1)
- Wheelset accelerations (1)
- Wind energy tower (1)
- layered soil (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (16)
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (16)
The dynamics of slab tracks and floating slab tracks are analyzed by multibeam models for the track and by integration in the wave-number domain for the soil, which is modeled as a layered half-space. Frequency-dependent compliances and force transfers are calculated for a great variety of track and soil parameters. The distribution of the load and the displacements along the track is investigated as well as the wave propagation perpendicular to the track and the ground vibration amplitudes. The floating slab track has a dominating plate-mat resonance and a strong high-frequency reduction. A track-soil resonance can also be recognized for an unisolated slab track in the case of layered soils. Generally, there is a strong damping of the track by the soil. The reduction effect of the slab mat is mainly owing to the elimination of this strong damping. The continuous soil yields slightly different rules for the displacements and force densities than those of a Winkler support. The total force transfer from the rail to the soil is the best criterion to judge the effectiveness of a floating slab track in reducing the ground vibration at some distance from the railway line. The total force transfer is easier to calculate than the double Fourier integrals of the ground vibration amplitudes, namely in the far field, and it has the best correlation with the reduction of the ground vibration.
Train-induced ground vibrations are all generated by the vehicle, by static or dynamic vehicle loads. The most important and most accepted excitation are the dynamic wheel loads from the passage over track irregularities. Dynamic wheel loads will be compared from parallel axle-box and ground vibration measurements at more than seven sites. Some low-frequency excitation of ground vibrations, typically between 10 and 30 Hz, cannot be found in the axle-box measurements. Therefore, other vehicle modes, such as rigid bogie modes, flexible carriage modes, rigid and flexible wheelset modes, have been analysed for additional excitation forces. These vehicle dynamics analyses give an explanation for higher axle-box results at high frequencies, but not for the excitation of the higher low-frequency ground-vibration component. Finally, the effect of the moving static train loads will be analysed. For a regular track and soil, the moving static train loads yield the quasi-static response which exists only in the low-frequency nearfield of the track. If the support stiffness is randomly varying along the track, the pulses on the track generate an additional low-frequency component which is called the irregular pulse responses.
This component will be demonstrated by numerical analysis where all axle pulses are superposed in frequency domain.
The train passages over intact or damaged slab tracks on different soils have been calculated by two methods. The finite element method (FEM) uses a Winkler soil under the track model by adding a thin “soil layer”. The combined finite element boundary element method has a continuous soil model which is included by the boundary element method. The basic results are the distributions of the track (rail, track plate, and base layer) displacements along the track for a single axle laod. These solutions are superposed to a complete train load and transformed to time histories. The influence of track and soil parameters has been analysed. The main interest is the influence of the track damage. A gap between track plate and base layer of different lengths has been studied for changes in amplitudes and widths of deflection. A best fit to measured track displacements has been found so that the track damage can be identified and quantified. The FEM model with Winkler soil cannot be fitted to the amplitude and width with the same soil parameters. Therefore, the FEBEM model is preferable for these railway track problems.
Irregularities of the track are a main cause of train-induced ground vibration, and track maintenance is of great importance. Although geometric irregularities at the wheel-rail contact are widely used, other types of irregularities, such as stiffness irregularities, irregularities from different track positions and irregularities in the wave propagation, were analysed in the present study. The track behaviour was investigated by a multi-beam-on-soil model. This track model is coupled with a vehicle model to calculate the vehicle–track interaction. The track model was also used for the track filtering, which transfers a track support error to the equivalent rail irregularity or, conversely, the sharp axle pulse on the rail to a smoother pulse on the soil. In the case in which this filtering varies randomly along the track, the pulses of the moving static load induce a certain ground Vibration component (“the scatter of axle pulses”). This effect was calculated by the superposition of axle pulses in the frequency domain and by a stochastic simulation. Simultaneous vehicle, track and soil measurements at a certain site were used to evaluate the different excitation and ground Vibration components. The agreement between calculations and axle-box and soil measurements is good. The ground vibrations calculated from rail irregularities and corresponding dynamic loads, however, clearly underestimate the measured ground vibration amplitudes. Only the static load that is moving over a varying track support stiffness can produce the important mid-frequency ground Vibration component by the scatter of axle pulses.
In this article, the passage of different trains over different bridges will be studied for resonant excitation. The intensity of the resonance will be estimated in frequency domain by using three separated spectra. At first, the excitation spectrum of the modal forces is built by the mode shape and the passage time of the train over the bridge. The second spectrum is the frequency response function of the bridge which include the modal frequency, damping and mass. The third part is the spectrum of the axle sequence of the train. The influences of train speed, bridge length, bridge support, track irregularities, and train type on the resonance amplitudes will be analysed for each of these spectra separately for getting a better insight. A variety of axle-sequence spectra and corresponding rules will be presented for different vehicles and trains. As examples, the passage of a slow freight train over a long-span bridge, a normal passenger train over a medium-span bridge, and a high-speed train over a short bridge will be analysed. Corresponding measurements show the amplification, but also the cancellation of the subsequent axle responses. Namely in one of the measurement examples, the first mode of the bridge was amplified and the second mode was cancelled at a low speed of the train and vice versa at a higher speed.
The layered soil is calculated in the frequency wavenumber domain and the solutions for fixed or moving point or track loads follow as wavenumber integrals. The resulting point load solutions can be approximated by simple formula. Measurements yield the specific soil parameters for the theoretical or approximate solutions, but they can also directly provide the point-load solution (the transfer function of that site). A prediction method for the train-induced ground vibration has been developed, based on one of these site-specific transfer functions. The ground vibrations strongly depend on the regular and irregular inhomogeneity of the soil. The regular layering of the soil yields a cut-on and a resonance phenomenon, while the irregular inhomogeneity seems to be important for high-speed trains. The attenuations with the distance of the ground vibration, due to point-like excitations such as vibrator, hammer, or train-track excitations, were investigated and compared. All theoretical results were compared with measurements at conventional and high-speed railway lines, validating the approximate prediction method.
En este artículo se presentan 2 metodologías basadas en las formulaciones del Método de los Elementos de Contorno y del Método de los Elementos Finitos para estudiar el efecto de la interacción suelo-estructura en el comportamiento dinámico de edificaciones. Se ha estudiado la respuesta de un edificio de 3 plantas producida por un campo de ondas incidente con los 2 métodos propuestos. Los resultados obtenidos presentan un buen grado de acuerdo entre ellos. A partir de estos resultados se ha validado un modelo aproximado para estudiar este tipo de problemas y se han examinado diferentes tipologías de edificaciones. Las conclusiones alcanzadas muestran que la respuesta global de las estructuras se debe a la deformación de los forjados y depende de su superficie, de las condiciones de apoyo y del acoplamiento con los forjados de la misma planta. Del mismo modo, se ha observado un acoplamiento del comportamiento de pilares y forjados cuando las rigideces de ambos son similares.----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This paper presents 2 methodologies based on the Boundary Element Method and the Finite Element Method to study soil-structure interaction effect on building behaviour. A 3-story building response induced by an incident wave field is studied using both methods. The results obtained show a good agreement. Then, a simplified model is validated from these methods and several buildings are analysed. Conclusions show that structural responses are due to floor deformation, and depend on their area, support conditions and coupling. A coupling between floors and columns when both elements have similar stiffness is also observed.
Construction work, such as pile driving and soil compaction, or road and railway traffic excite nearby buildings, and the perceptible or audible vibration can be a nuisance for nearby inhabitants. A simplified building model has been created for these situations, which includes the effects of soil-structure interaction, the low-frequency amplification along the height of the building as well as the high-frequency reduction and the floor resonances. The model consists of one wall for all supporting structures (walls and columns) and one floor for each storey. The effect of different floor resonance frequencies is included in a stochastic procedure. The soil is modelled by a spring and a viscous damper, and the free-field amplitudes of the soil are applied under this soil element.
The model can be calculated by transfer matrices or in a continuous wave-type version where an analytical solution can be evaluated numerically. The building response in the high-frequency (acoustic) region is calculated as mean values over wider frequency bands. The approach to an infinite building model can be found for these high frequencies and the corresponding soil-structure transfer can be described by the ratio of impedances at foundation level.
The rules for choosing the parameters to obtain realistic results are derived from complex calculations for example, for the stiffness and damping of building foundations and many measurements as for the damping of floor resonances. The influences on the floor resonance from the soil (damping) and the supporting structure (detuning) are important. Some more effects will be discussed by the simplified and detailed models and by measurements to establish a good understanding of ground-induced building vibrations.
Der Erhalt und die Weiterentwicklung der Verkehrsinfrastrukturen werden auch zukünftig einen Investitions- und Forschungsschwerpunkt in Deutschland bilden. Gemäß den aktuellen Entwicklungsprognosen sowohl der Bundesregierung als auch der Deutschen Bahn wäre bei unveränderten Marktanteilen der Bahn eine Zunahme insbesondere des Güterverkehrs in den kommenden 10 Jahren um ca. 50% zu erwarten. Dieser Zuwachs erfordert erhebliche Entwicklungen sowohl in der technischen Konstruktion der Fahrwege als auch im Erschütterungs- und Lärmschutz infolge des Schienenverkehrs.