Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (134)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (66)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (66)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (32)
- Forschungsbericht (14)
- Posterpräsentation (13)
- Buchkapitel (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (170)
- Deutsch (149)
- Spanisch (5)
- Französisch (2)
Schlagworte
- Ground vibration (39)
- Layered soil (13)
- Slab track (11)
- Mitigation (10)
- Railway track (10)
- Bahnerschütterungen (9)
- Erschütterungen (9)
- Finite-element boundary-element method (9)
- Track-soil interaction (9)
- Train passage (9)
- Vehicle-track interaction (9)
- Hammer impact (8)
- Building vibration (7)
- Layered soils (7)
- Schienenverkehr (7)
- Train-induced ground vibration (7)
- Vibration measurements (6)
- Excitation forces (5)
- Field tests (5)
- Track vibration (5)
- Train speed (5)
- Vehicle-track-soil interaction (5)
- Bodenerschütterungen (4)
- Container loading (4)
- Drop test (4)
- Emission (4)
- Erschütterungsminderung (4)
- Erschütterungsprognose (4)
- Finite element method (4)
- Force transfer (4)
- Foundation load (4)
- Railway (4)
- Soil-building interaction (4)
- Track damage (4)
- Tunnel (4)
- Wavenumber integrals (4)
- Wellenausbreitung (4)
- Wellengeschwindigkeit (4)
- Attenuation (3)
- Axle impulses (3)
- Axle sequence (3)
- Ballast track (3)
- Base isolation (3)
- Bauwerk-Boden-Wechselwirkung (3)
- Bodendynamik (3)
- Continuously inhomogeneous soils (3)
- Deckenschwingungen (3)
- Dispersionsmessung (3)
- Elastische Gleiselemente (3)
- Filter effects (3)
- Immissionsprognose (3)
- Irregular soil (3)
- Irregularities (3)
- Measurement (3)
- Measurements (3)
- Pile bending stiffness (3)
- Pile foundation (3)
- Prediction (3)
- Railway bridge (3)
- Randomly heterogeneous soil (3)
- Scattering (3)
- Soil stiffness (3)
- Train passages (3)
- Wind energy tower (3)
- ground vibration (3)
- mitigation (3)
- railway track (3)
- 2-span bridge (2)
- Achsfolgespektren (2)
- Amplitude-distance laws (2)
- Amplituden-Abstands-Gesetz (2)
- Apartment building (2)
- Axle box measurements (2)
- Axle-sequence spectrum (2)
- Ballast tracks (2)
- Bauteile (2)
- Bauwerke (2)
- Bodeneigenschaften (2)
- Bodensteifigkeit (2)
- Bodenübertragungsfunktion (2)
- Boundary element method (2)
- Bridge resonance (2)
- Brücken (2)
- Deckenresonanz (2)
- Displacements (2)
- Dynamic testing (2)
- Elastische Elemente (2)
- Elastische Gebäudelagerung (2)
- Environmental vibrations (2)
- Erschütterungsausbreitung (2)
- Erschütterungsursachen (2)
- Evaluation (2)
- Finite element models (2)
- Floating slab track (2)
- Foundations (2)
- Freight train (2)
- Frequenzbereiche (2)
- Gebäudeschwingungen (2)
- Geschichter Boden (2)
- Gleiströge (2)
- Ground vibration measurements (2)
- Halbraum (2)
- Hammer tests (2)
- High-speed train (2)
- High-speed trains (2)
- Immission (2)
- Irregular ballast (2)
- Körperschall (2)
- Modalanalyse (2)
- Office tower (2)
- Passenger train (2)
- Plate-soil interaction (2)
- Rail roughness (2)
- Railway measurement campaign (2)
- Railway tracks (2)
- Railway tunnel (2)
- Railway vibration (2)
- Railways (2)
- Randelementmethode (2)
- Rayleigh wave (2)
- Rechenmodelle (2)
- Resonance (2)
- Scattered axle impulses (2)
- Schwingung (2)
- Soil properties (2)
- Soil-structure interaction (2)
- Soil-wall-floor model (2)
- Static axle loads (2)
- Surface line (2)
- Surface-tunnel reduction (2)
- Track damage monitoring (2)
- Train excitation (2)
- Transmission (2)
- Under sleeper pad (2)
- Under-ballast plate (2)
- Varying track stiffness (2)
- Vehicle–track interaction (2)
- Vibration measurement (2)
- Vibration reduction (2)
- Vollraum (2)
- Wave excitation (2)
- Wave propagation (2)
- Wavenumber method (2)
- Wellenausbreitung in der Tiefe (2)
- Zuganregung (2)
- Zuggeschwindigkeit (2)
- floor vibration (2)
- modal analysis (2)
- track-soil interaction (2)
- undersleeper (2)
- wave analysis (2)
- Übertragungsfunktion (2)
- Übertragungsmatrizen (2)
- 1-D insertion loss (1)
- Achsimpulse (1)
- Achslasten (1)
- Acoplamiento Método de los Elementos de Contorno-Método de los Elementos Finitos (1)
- Amplitude-charge weight laws (1)
- Amplitude-distance law (1)
- Amplituden-Abstands-Gesetze (1)
- Amplitudenabnahme (1)
- Approximationsverfahren (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Auflagerbedingungen (1)
- Axle loads (1)
- Axle pulses (1)
- Axle-load spectra (1)
- Axle-sequence (1)
- Bahngleis (1)
- Ballast mat (1)
- Ballasted track (1)
- Batiments (1)
- Baudynamik (1)
- Bauwerksschwingungen (1)
- Beam dynamics (1)
- Beam-soil interaction (1)
- Bending waves (1)
- Blasting charge (1)
- Boden (1)
- Boden-Bauwerk-Übertragung (1)
- Bodendämpfung (1)
- Bodenschlitz (1)
- Boundary Element Method-Finite Element Method coupling (1)
- Boundary element (1)
- Boundary elements (1)
- Bridge (1)
- Bridge track (1)
- Bridge vibration (1)
- Brückengleis (1)
- Brückenpfeiler (1)
- Building response (1)
- Cancellation (1)
- Cars (1)
- Column/wall resonance (1)
- Combined finite-element boundary-element method (1)
- Compliance function (1)
- Components of excitation (1)
- Continuous soil (1)
- Damage detection (1)
- Damping (1)
- Decke-Wand-Boden-Modell (1)
- Deckendämpfung (1)
- Deckeneigenfrequenz (1)
- Deckeneigenfrequenzen (1)
- Deckenmessungen (1)
- Deckenübertragung (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Doppler effect (1)
- Downburst (1)
- Drop height (1)
- Dynamic axle loads (1)
- Dynamic loads (1)
- Dynamic pile and pile group stiffness (1)
- Dynamic soil-structure interaction (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Dynamische Radlasten (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- Einfügungsdämmung (1)
- Eisenbahngleis (1)
- Eisenbahnschwingungen (1)
- Elastic length (1)
- Elastic track elements (1)
- Elements elastiques (1)
- Erschütterungen im Fernfeld (1)
- Erschütterungsemission (1)
- Erschütterungsimmission (1)
- Erschütterungsmessungen (1)
- Erschütterungstransmission (1)
- Experimental verification (1)
- Explicit Green´s functions (1)
- Explosion (1)
- Explosion-induced ground vibrations (1)
- FEBEM and simplified methods (1)
- Fahrgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Fahrwegdynamik (1)
- Fahrwegnachgiebigkeit (1)
- Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Boden-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Fahrzeugdynamik (1)
- Fahrzeugschwingungen (1)
- Fequency domain (1)
- Feste Fahrbahn (1)
- Filter effect of the soil (1)
- Finite element (1)
- Finite-Element-Methode (1)
- Finite-element boudnary-element method (1)
- Finite-element method (1)
- Flexibility (1)
- Flexible car body (1)
- Flexible plate (1)
- Flexible wheelset (1)
- Floor amplification (1)
- Floor resonance (1)
- Floors (1)
- Footbridge (1)
- Foundation reduction (1)
- Frequency response function (1)
- Frequency-specific attenuation (1)
- Frequency-wavenumber method (1)
- Fundamente (1)
- Fundamentschwingungen (1)
- Fundamentübertraung (1)
- Gebäudelagerung (1)
- Gebäudemodelle (1)
- Gebäudeschwingungen, Deckenschwingungen, Wellenausbreitung (1)
- Geometric trackbed irregularities (1)
- Geometric vehicle and track irregularities (1)
- Geometrie (1)
- Gleisschwingungen (1)
- Heavy sleeper (1)
- High-Rise Building (1)
- High-rise buildings (1)
- Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge (1)
- Homogener und geschichteter Halbraum (1)
- Immissionsminderung (1)
- Impedanzmethode (1)
- Inertial Interaction (1)
- Inertial interaction (1)
- Inhomogeneous soils (1)
- Insertion loss (1)
- Interacción dinámica suelo-estructura (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interior load (1)
- Irrégularités et forces roue-rail (1)
- Kinematic Interaction (1)
- Kinematic and inertial soil-pile-building (1)
- Kinematic interaction (1)
- Kopplung des Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Untergrund-Systems (1)
- Kraft auf den Boden (1)
- Laboratory tests (1)
- Long-span bridge (1)
- MASW (1)
- Mass drop (1)
- Material damping (1)
- Measured railway vibrations (1)
- Measurement campaigns (1)
- Mehrfeld-Decken (1)
- Messtechnische Ergebnisse (1)
- Minderung (1)
- Mitigation measures (1)
- Modal analysis (1)
- Modal force spectrum (1)
- Modal load spectrum (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modes (1)
- Modes and waves (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Movin load test (1)
- Moving load (1)
- Moving loads on tracks (1)
- Multi-beam method (1)
- Multi-beam model (1)
- Multi-beam track model (1)
- Multi-beam-on-support model (1)
- Nachgiebigkeiten (1)
- Non-synoptic wind event (1)
- Normung (1)
- Obstacles (1)
- Office building (1)
- Ondes du sol multicouche (1)
- Overhead transmission line (1)
- Parametererregung (1)
- Parametric excitation (1)
- Pfahlnachgiebigkeiten (1)
- Pile Foundation (1)
- Pile foundations (1)
- Pile groups (1)
- Pile-soil interaction (1)
- Prediction of explosion induced ground and building vibration (1)
- Prediction software (1)
- Predictions (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prognoseprogramm (1)
- Prognoseverfahren (1)
- Propagation from a tunnel (1)
- Quasi-static response; (1)
- Radiation damping (1)
- Rail pad (1)
- Railbridge (1)
- Railway forces (1)
- Railway induced ground vibration (1)
- Railway induced vibration (1)
- Railway track vibration (1)
- Railway trafiic (1)
- Random dynamics and vibrations (1)
- Random stiffness variation (1)
- Rayleighwellendispersion (1)
- Rechenmodell (1)
- Rechenverfahren (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Residential building (1)
- Resonancia en edificaciones (1)
- Resonant response (1)
- Resonanzamplitude (1)
- Richtige Fahrzeugmasse (1)
- Rigid vehicle model (1)
- SASW (1)
- SPAC (1)
- Scattering damping (1)
- Schichtresonanz (1)
- Schienenfahrweg (1)
- Schienenfahrwege (1)
- Schiffstoß (1)
- Schwellenabstandsanregung (1)
- Simple and fast prediction (1)
- Simple prediction (1)
- Simultanmessungen (1)
- Sleeper pad (1)
- Sleeper passage (1)
- Soft track elements (1)
- Soil forces (1)
- Soil transfer function (1)
- Soil-building resonance (1)
- Soil-pile interaction (1)
- Soil-wall floor model (1)
- Spektralanalyse (1)
- Static railway loads (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stiffness variation (1)
- Stockwerkrahmen (1)
- Stockwerksschwingungen (1)
- Störgrößen (1)
- Surface Foundation (1)
- Switch (1)
- Target stiffness (1)
- Theoretische Modelle (1)
- Trace (1)
- Track (1)
- Track alignment (1)
- Track and vehicle irregularities (1)
- Track beam (1)
- Track compliance (1)
- Track damage quantification (1)
- Track deflection (1)
- Track deformation (1)
- Track displacements (1)
- Track dynamic (1)
- Track filter (1)
- Track filtering (1)
- Track irregularities (1)
- Track-soil and vehicle-track resonances (1)
- Train configuration (1)
- Train induced ground vibration (1)
- Train-induced vibration (1)
- Tran speed (1)
- Transfer fuction (1)
- Transfer function (1)
- Trench (1)
- Tunnel line (1)
- Tunnel track (1)
- Tunnel vibration (1)
- Tunnel-pile transfer (1)
- Tunnel-to-surface reduction (1)
- Tunnelstrecke (1)
- Turnout (1)
- Under sleeper pads (1)
- Under-sleeper pads (1)
- Varying soil stiffness (1)
- Varying stiffness (1)
- Verifikation (1)
- Verkehrserschütterungen (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Vibration excitation (1)
- Vibration isolation (1)
- Vibrations dues aux trains (1)
- Wave attenuation (1)
- Wave theory of attenuation (1)
- Wave velocity (1)
- Wave-number integrals (1)
- Wavenumber domain (1)
- Waves (1)
- Wellenfeld (1)
- Wellenfeldberechnung (1)
- Wellenzahlmethode (1)
- Wheel out-of-roundness (1)
- Wheel-rail irregularities and forces (1)
- Wheelset (1)
- Wheelset accelerations (1)
- Wide sleeper (1)
- Windenergieanlagen (1)
- Zerstreute Achsimpulse (1)
- elastische Gebäudelagerungen (1)
- layered soil (1)
- sleeper pads (1)
- zerstreute Achslastimpulse (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (82)
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (82)
Es wird ein Rechenverfahren vorgestellt, das die Randelementmethode zur Beschreibung des Bodens mit der Finite-Element-Methode für das Bauwerk verbindet. Am Grundproblem der Bauwerk-Boden-Wechselwirkung, der dynamischen Steifigkeit starrer Fundamente auf dem Baugrund, werden diese Verfahren und einige Verfahrensvarianten erprobt und miteinander verglichen.
Modellrechnungen zur Ausbreitung der Erschütterungen im Boden, mit denen der Einfluss des Bodenaufbaus, der Materialeigenschaften des Bodens und der Geometrie der Erschütterungsquelle auf die Stärke der Erschütterungen untersucht wurde. Ergebnisse sind auch auf andere Erschütterungsquellen, wie Maschinen, Rammungen oder Sprengungen, übertragbar.
In dem Forschungsvorhaben „Das Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Verhalten“ im Hinblick auf die Prognose von Zugerschütterungen und die Optimierung von Minderungsmaßnahmen – Förderkennzeichen BMBF 9346 - wurden sehr komplexe, vielfältig ineinander verzahnte und simultane Fahrzeug-, Fahrweg-, Brücken- und Zugmessungen durchgeführt. Mit diesem umfangreichen Arbeitsprogramm wurde die Relevanz verschiedener Anregungs- und Beanspruchungsanteile untersucht und eine Reihe von Messmethoden für diese Anteile herausgearbeitet, sowie Minderungsmöglichkeiten für die dynamischen Radlasten und für die Erschütterungen in der Umgebung von Bahnlinien zusammengestellt und bewertet.
Dieser Bericht gliedert sich in drei Abschnitte, in denen der Einfluß inhomogener Böden auf die Dynamik von Verkehrssystemen untersucht wird. In erster Linie werden dabei geschichtete Böden behandelt, für die ein Rechenverfahren entwickelt wurde. Als elementares Ergebnis werden die Wellenfelder geschichteter Böden bei einer punktförmigen Belastung dargestellt. Mit diesen Punktlastlösungen können dann die Schwingungen von starren oder flexiblen Strukturen auf geschichteten Böden berechnet werden. Es wird die dynamische Steifigkeit und Dämpfung starrer Fundamentflächen dargestellt, an der das stark frequenzabhängige Verhalten geschichteter Böden besonders deutlich wird.
Die Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Untergrund-Wechselwirkung bei der Festen Fahrbahn und beim Schottergleis
(2002)
Die Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Untergrund-Wechselwirkung bei der Festen Fahrbahn und beim Schottergleis
(2002)
Die Prognose der Erschütterungsausbreitung - theoretisch und auf der Grundlage von Messergebnissen
(2003)
Vergleichsrechnungen zur Dynamik des Eisenbahngleises: Amplitudenverteilung und Untergrundeinfluss
(2001)
The damage detection and repair control have become important tasks for ballast and slab tracks. Measurements which compare the damaged and the repaired status of the same track section at different times, or which compare a damaged and an intact track section at the same time, have been successfully performed at some sites in Germany. The loss of contact between the sleeper and the track plate, between the track plate and the base plate, and between the base plate and the base layer have been analysed. The soil properties of each site have been measured and have been used to establish realistic track-soil models. Theoretical results of the wavenumber domain and the finite-element boundary element method have been compared with the experimental results. The observed experimental and theoretical results, changes in the time histories of displacements and velocities due to train passages and in the transfer functions (receptances) due to hammer impacts, are encouraging that these measurements can be used to detect track damage.
Offshore wind energy towers are dynamically loaded by waves and wind. Pile foundations provide stiffness and damping and should be properly calculated. A combined finite-element boundary-element method for the dynamic interaction of flexible structures and the soil has been developed. The flexible structures such as single piles or complete wind energy towers are modeled by the finite element method whereas the homogeneous or layered soil is modeled by the boundary element method which uses the Green’s functions for interior loads in the layered half-space to establish the dynamic stiffness matrix of the soil. Soils with a stiffness that is continuously increasing with depth can be modeled as multi-layer soils with step-wise increasing stiffness. The effects of different parameters such as the stiffness of the soil, the axial and bending stiffness of the pile, and the radius of the cylindrical contact area will be analysed for the different components of excitation (vertical, horizontal, rotation and coupling). The results can be determined as specific power laws which are different for the different load cases and for the different soil models (Winkler support, homogeneous continuum, continuum with increasing stiffness). The dynamic effect of radiation damping will be analysed by the frequency-dependent compliance functions. A clear layering of the soil can cause noticeable changes in the dynamic compliances as reductions of the stiffness and the damping in certain frequency ranges (below and around layer resonance frequencies). The distribution of the displacements along the pile help to explain the observed laws. An example of an offshore wind energy tower has been modeled and calculated for wind, wave and weight loads. The resonances of the tower are usually limited by the radiation damping which is strongest for a soft soil.
Measurements on the vehicle-track interaction and the excitation of railway-induced ground vibration
(2017)
Two railway measurement campaigns have been performed in Germany and Switzerland which yield insight in the vehicle-track-soil interaction. The campaign in Germany has included simultaneous measurement of vehicle, track, and soil vibrations during train runs with 16, 25, 40, 63, 80, 100, 125, 140, 160 km/h, and impulse measurements of the passenger car, three track sections and the soil. Two ballast tracks, one on the soil surface and one on a concrete bridge, have been investigated as well as a slab track in a tunnel. Ten different sites in Switzerland have been measured for soil properties and train-induced ground vibrations, which allow to determine the excitation forces of the railway traffic. New axle-box measurements at some of the Swiss sites have been analysed to get further experimental evidence. All these measurements have been evaluated to characterize the excitation processes. Relations between vehicle vibration and ground vibration can be observed. The vehicle vibrations, namely the accelerations of the wheelsets, yield the dynamic forces due to the passage over the irregularities of the vehicle and the track. The ground vibrations are correlated to these dynamic forces to a certain extent. Some mid-frequency ground vibration amplitudes, however, are higher than expected from the dynamic excitation forces. The experimental observations can be explained by an irregular response to the passage of the static loads, that means the passage of the static loads over an irregular ballast or soil. This correct understanding of the excitation processes is important for the prediction as well as for the mitigation of railway induced ground vibrations.
This contribution presents some principles and some examples of the mitigation of railway-induced ground vibrations. The principles are different for the mitigation measures at the track, in the soil or at the building. Force transfer functions of isolated and un-isolated track-soil systems, reflected and transmitted wave amplitudes at walls and trenches in the soil, and the transfer of the (free-field) vibration amplitudes to the foundation amplitudes of the building are analysed. The mitigation effect can be calculated by exact or simplified formulas. Some examples with 3D (finite-element boundary-element), 2D (beam-on-support), and 1D track models, 2D and 1D soil models, detailed 3D building models and finite or infinite 1D wall-floor models are investigated to find out if simple models can be used for a satisfactory prediction of the mitigation effect. The 1D track examples show that the force transfer of the track without vehicle can be exactly calculated, whereas the total force transfer can be calculated approximately if appropriate wheelset masses per track length are used for the isolated and the un-isolated track. The mitigation effect of a filled trench is calculated by a 2D finite element model and the results compare with simple transmission formula if the stiffness per area rather than the wave impedances are used for the infill material. The base isolation of a building is analysed by a detailed 3D model and the results are similar to the analytic results of a single wall with floors on the soil. Other reduction measures as different floor and column dimensions are usually less effective so that the clearly best mitigation solution at a building is a partly or a complete base isolation.
Experiments have been performed at a test site with six different tracks with under-ballast plates. Hammer excitations of the soil and the tracks as well as train passages have been measured. The experimental observations are as follows. 1. The natural soil is stiff gravel whereas the railway dam consists of softer material. 2. The track compliance indicates a soft ballast if no train is present to provide a confining pressure. 3. The track response to the train passages can be split into a low-frequency region which is ruled by the static loads and a high-frequency region which is ruled by dynamic loads. 4. The track responses to hammer and track excitation indicate the presence of many voids between the sleepers and the ballast. 5. The ground vibrations are highly influenced by the soil. Due to the stiff soil at the site, the hammer and train induced spectra have a considerable high-frequency content. 6. A reduction of the ground vibration has been observed in a low-frequency range. The mitigation effects of an under-ballast plate are also investigated by calculations of a wavenumber domain model. The under-ballast plate has an effect at low frequencies where it distributes the static load over a longer track section. The impulse of the axle passage is longer and the frequencies are lower due to the plate stiffness. The axle impulses could yield a low-frequency ground vibration in an irregular soil with a randomly varying stiffness. This low-frequency part of the ground vibration (the scattered axle impulses) seem to be reduced by the under-ballast plate.
The Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing (BAM) has collected some experience with the testing of damaged, repaired and newly constructed railway tracks. The experimental methods are hammer testing of the track at different positions, hammer testing of the soil, measurement of train passages, and in all cases, measurements with geophones at different positions. The measured signals are evaluated for wave velocities (dispersion of the soil or the track-soil system), for transfer functions (transfer admittances of the soil, compliances of the track in amplitude and phase), and one-third octave band spectra of the track response to hammer and train excitation. These methods are applied at different stages of the track construction. Before track construction, wave velocities and transfer functions of the sub-soil can indicate problems with soft soils. After track construction, a check of the acceptable state of the track can be done by comparison of many excitation positions and track sites. After a track damage (a lose sleeper or a lose plate of a slab track) and after its repair, the sensitivity of the different measurement quantities to different track errors and the achieved improvement of the repair can be determined. The contribution shows examples of all these track situations