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Schlagworte
- Soil-structure interaction (2)
- Amplitude-distance laws (1)
- Boundary elements (1)
- Environmental vibrations (1)
- Excitation forces (1)
- Field tests (1)
- Finite-element boundary-element method (1)
- Ground vibration (1)
- Layered soils (1)
- Moving loads on tracks (1)
- Pile foundations (1)
- Pile-soil interaction (1)
- Prediction software (1)
- Switch (1)
- Track damage (1)
- Track vibration (1)
- Train speed (1)
- Turnout (1)
- Vibration excitation (1)
- Vibration measurements (1)
- Wave theory of attenuation (1)
- Wave-number integrals (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (3)
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (3)
Seismic response of three-dimensional structures using a green's function approach to the soil
(1986)
Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Untergrund-Umgebung: theoretische, rechnen- und meßtechnische Untersuchungen
(1987)
Schwingungsminderung zwischen Quelle und Empfänger - FEM-Berechnung der Wellenausbreitung im Boden
(2006)
A finite-element boundary-element software for the dynamic interaction of flexible structures and the soil has been extended for pile foundation. The boundary element method for the soil uses the Green´s functions of the layered half-space which have been generalised for interior loads. Pile groups of 10 to 20 piles of different arrays are analysed and compared with single piles. Simplified models have been developed for a user-friendly, practice oriented prediction software for railway induced ground and building vibration.
The ground vibrations, which are generated by trains on different tracks, have been calculated by finite-element boundary-element models. The ballasted track is modelled in detail by the finite element method. The infinite soil is modelled by the boundary element method as a homogeneous or layered half-space. The track-soil system is coupled to a simple rigid mass model of the vehicle so that the vehicle-track interaction is completely included. Transfer functions are calculated in frequency domain without and with vehicle-track interaction, the compliance of the track and the mobilities of the soil at different distances from the track. Finally, the ratios between the ground vibration amplitudes with and without mitigation measures are calculated to quantify the effectiveness of the mitigation measures.
Tracks with under-sleeper pads have been investigated in a wide parameter study for the RIVAS project. The main parameters that influence the reduction of ground vibration are the stiffness of the under-sleeper pad, the mass and the width of the sleeper. The softest sleeper pad yields the best reduction of the ground vibration. The influence of the sleeper mass is not so strong, as the characteristic frequency is ruled by the mass of the sleeper and the mass of the wheelset as well.
Seit 25 Jahren betreibt die Bundesanstalt für Materialprüfung intensive Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Eisenbahndynamik unter realistischer Einbeziehung des Gleisuntergrundes. Das umfaßt theoretisch/numerische Arbeiten, Feldmessungen und Labor-, Modell- und Elementversuche zu den folgenden Fragen:
-die Erschütterungs- und Körperschallweiterleitung durch den natürlichen Boden,
- das Schwingungsverhalten der verschiedenen Fahrwege auf speziellen Boden- und Schotterschichten,
- die dynamischen Kräfte während der Überfahrt des Fahrzeugs sowie
- das Setzungs- und Differenzsetzungsverhalten verschiedener Gleisstrukturen.
Es werden Rechen- und Meßergebnisse zum Vergleich der Festen Fahrbahn und des Schottergleises vorgestellt und daraus Möglichkeiten für die weitere Verbesserung von Bahnfahrwegen gefolgert. Eine wesentliche Rolle kommt dabei der Wechselwirkung von Platten und steifen Declcschichten mit dem umgebenden Boden zu, deren Theorie in der BAM in den 90er Jahren weiterentwickelt wurde.
The present contribution evaluates four measuring series made by the Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing for the relations between train speed and ground vibration amplitudes. This experimental evaluation is supported by the simulation of the train passages at the different sites by using appropriate excitation mechanisms and forces as well as layered soil models which have been derived from impact measurements at each site.
There is a strong need for cost-effective mitigation measures for
turnouts. SBB has initiated a series of examinations using different methodologies to gain a deeper understanding of the excitation mechanisms at low frequencies, in addition to that obtained in the RIVAS project. To date it is not yet clear what constitutes a complete measurement data set that would enable understanding most of the vibration excitation mechanisms in turnouts. Increasing vibration at turnouts in comparison to normal track is observed for all measured frequencies.
The different methodologies are presented in the paper. Under-sleeper pads (USP) are a cost-effective method to reduce vibration at frequencies above 63 Hz (1/3 octave), but there is probably no improvement for frequencies below 63 Hz. A first test of new frog geometry did not show relevant improvements in Vibration emission in comparison to a reference frog geometry. Axle box acceleration measurements are an interesting method to identify defects in a turnout. A specialized measurement system of rail roughness could identify certain geometry Problem areas for some frogs. Noise increases also are observed at turnouts for frequencies ranging between 80 to 1000 Hz. The use of railway source models to calculate
contact forces for ballasted track and turnouts seems promising, in particular for understanding the influence of ground.
This contribution presents experimental methods to detect track damage. At BAM (Federal Institute of Material Research and Testing), a measuring car with a measuring system of 72 channels, geophones, mountings, cables, harmonic and impulsive exciters is used for dynamic measurements of the track, the soil and buildings. An instrumented hammer allows force measurements and to evaluate transfer functions of the track, and the soil. Wave measurements are used to identify the soil characteristics. Train passages are measured at the track and for the train induced ground vibrations. In addition to these in situ options, tests of tracks or track elements can be performed in a large laboratory.