Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (134)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (66)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (66)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (32)
- Forschungsbericht (14)
- Posterpräsentation (13)
- Buchkapitel (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (170)
- Deutsch (149)
- Spanisch (5)
- Französisch (2)
Schlagworte
- Ground vibration (39)
- Layered soil (13)
- Slab track (11)
- Mitigation (10)
- Railway track (10)
- Bahnerschütterungen (9)
- Erschütterungen (9)
- Finite-element boundary-element method (9)
- Track-soil interaction (9)
- Train passage (9)
- Vehicle-track interaction (9)
- Hammer impact (8)
- Building vibration (7)
- Layered soils (7)
- Schienenverkehr (7)
- Train-induced ground vibration (7)
- Vibration measurements (6)
- Excitation forces (5)
- Field tests (5)
- Track vibration (5)
- Train speed (5)
- Vehicle-track-soil interaction (5)
- Bodenerschütterungen (4)
- Container loading (4)
- Drop test (4)
- Emission (4)
- Erschütterungsminderung (4)
- Erschütterungsprognose (4)
- Finite element method (4)
- Force transfer (4)
- Foundation load (4)
- Railway (4)
- Soil-building interaction (4)
- Track damage (4)
- Tunnel (4)
- Wavenumber integrals (4)
- Wellenausbreitung (4)
- Wellengeschwindigkeit (4)
- Attenuation (3)
- Axle impulses (3)
- Axle sequence (3)
- Ballast track (3)
- Base isolation (3)
- Bauwerk-Boden-Wechselwirkung (3)
- Bodendynamik (3)
- Continuously inhomogeneous soils (3)
- Deckenschwingungen (3)
- Dispersionsmessung (3)
- Elastische Gleiselemente (3)
- Filter effects (3)
- Immissionsprognose (3)
- Irregular soil (3)
- Irregularities (3)
- Measurement (3)
- Measurements (3)
- Pile bending stiffness (3)
- Pile foundation (3)
- Prediction (3)
- Railway bridge (3)
- Randomly heterogeneous soil (3)
- Scattering (3)
- Soil stiffness (3)
- Train passages (3)
- Wind energy tower (3)
- ground vibration (3)
- mitigation (3)
- railway track (3)
- 2-span bridge (2)
- Achsfolgespektren (2)
- Amplitude-distance laws (2)
- Amplituden-Abstands-Gesetz (2)
- Apartment building (2)
- Axle box measurements (2)
- Axle-sequence spectrum (2)
- Ballast tracks (2)
- Bauteile (2)
- Bauwerke (2)
- Bodeneigenschaften (2)
- Bodensteifigkeit (2)
- Bodenübertragungsfunktion (2)
- Boundary element method (2)
- Bridge resonance (2)
- Brücken (2)
- Deckenresonanz (2)
- Displacements (2)
- Dynamic testing (2)
- Elastische Elemente (2)
- Elastische Gebäudelagerung (2)
- Environmental vibrations (2)
- Erschütterungsausbreitung (2)
- Erschütterungsursachen (2)
- Evaluation (2)
- Finite element models (2)
- Floating slab track (2)
- Foundations (2)
- Freight train (2)
- Frequenzbereiche (2)
- Gebäudeschwingungen (2)
- Geschichter Boden (2)
- Gleiströge (2)
- Ground vibration measurements (2)
- Halbraum (2)
- Hammer tests (2)
- High-speed train (2)
- High-speed trains (2)
- Immission (2)
- Irregular ballast (2)
- Körperschall (2)
- Modalanalyse (2)
- Office tower (2)
- Passenger train (2)
- Plate-soil interaction (2)
- Rail roughness (2)
- Railway measurement campaign (2)
- Railway tracks (2)
- Railway tunnel (2)
- Railway vibration (2)
- Railways (2)
- Randelementmethode (2)
- Rayleigh wave (2)
- Rechenmodelle (2)
- Resonance (2)
- Scattered axle impulses (2)
- Schwingung (2)
- Soil properties (2)
- Soil-structure interaction (2)
- Soil-wall-floor model (2)
- Static axle loads (2)
- Surface line (2)
- Surface-tunnel reduction (2)
- Track damage monitoring (2)
- Train excitation (2)
- Transmission (2)
- Under sleeper pad (2)
- Under-ballast plate (2)
- Varying track stiffness (2)
- Vehicle–track interaction (2)
- Vibration measurement (2)
- Vibration reduction (2)
- Vollraum (2)
- Wave excitation (2)
- Wave propagation (2)
- Wavenumber method (2)
- Wellenausbreitung in der Tiefe (2)
- Zuganregung (2)
- Zuggeschwindigkeit (2)
- floor vibration (2)
- modal analysis (2)
- track-soil interaction (2)
- undersleeper (2)
- wave analysis (2)
- Übertragungsfunktion (2)
- Übertragungsmatrizen (2)
- 1-D insertion loss (1)
- Achsimpulse (1)
- Achslasten (1)
- Acoplamiento Método de los Elementos de Contorno-Método de los Elementos Finitos (1)
- Amplitude-charge weight laws (1)
- Amplitude-distance law (1)
- Amplituden-Abstands-Gesetze (1)
- Amplitudenabnahme (1)
- Approximationsverfahren (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Auflagerbedingungen (1)
- Axle loads (1)
- Axle pulses (1)
- Axle-load spectra (1)
- Axle-sequence (1)
- Bahngleis (1)
- Ballast mat (1)
- Ballasted track (1)
- Batiments (1)
- Baudynamik (1)
- Bauwerksschwingungen (1)
- Beam dynamics (1)
- Beam-soil interaction (1)
- Bending waves (1)
- Blasting charge (1)
- Boden (1)
- Boden-Bauwerk-Übertragung (1)
- Bodendämpfung (1)
- Bodenschlitz (1)
- Boundary Element Method-Finite Element Method coupling (1)
- Boundary element (1)
- Boundary elements (1)
- Bridge (1)
- Bridge track (1)
- Bridge vibration (1)
- Brückengleis (1)
- Brückenpfeiler (1)
- Building response (1)
- Cancellation (1)
- Cars (1)
- Column/wall resonance (1)
- Combined finite-element boundary-element method (1)
- Compliance function (1)
- Components of excitation (1)
- Continuous soil (1)
- Damage detection (1)
- Damping (1)
- Decke-Wand-Boden-Modell (1)
- Deckendämpfung (1)
- Deckeneigenfrequenz (1)
- Deckeneigenfrequenzen (1)
- Deckenmessungen (1)
- Deckenübertragung (1)
- Dispersion (1)
- Doppler effect (1)
- Downburst (1)
- Drop height (1)
- Dynamic axle loads (1)
- Dynamic loads (1)
- Dynamic pile and pile group stiffness (1)
- Dynamic soil-structure interaction (1)
- Dynamik (1)
- Dynamische Radlasten (1)
- Dämpfung (1)
- Einfügungsdämmung (1)
- Eisenbahngleis (1)
- Eisenbahnschwingungen (1)
- Elastic length (1)
- Elastic track elements (1)
- Elements elastiques (1)
- Erschütterungen im Fernfeld (1)
- Erschütterungsemission (1)
- Erschütterungsimmission (1)
- Erschütterungsmessungen (1)
- Erschütterungstransmission (1)
- Experimental verification (1)
- Explicit Green´s functions (1)
- Explosion (1)
- Explosion-induced ground vibrations (1)
- FEBEM and simplified methods (1)
- Fahrgeschwindigkeit (1)
- Fahrwegdynamik (1)
- Fahrwegnachgiebigkeit (1)
- Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Boden-Wechselwirkung (1)
- Fahrzeugdynamik (1)
- Fahrzeugschwingungen (1)
- Fequency domain (1)
- Feste Fahrbahn (1)
- Filter effect of the soil (1)
- Finite element (1)
- Finite-Element-Methode (1)
- Finite-element boudnary-element method (1)
- Finite-element method (1)
- Flexibility (1)
- Flexible car body (1)
- Flexible plate (1)
- Flexible wheelset (1)
- Floor amplification (1)
- Floor resonance (1)
- Floors (1)
- Footbridge (1)
- Foundation reduction (1)
- Frequency response function (1)
- Frequency-specific attenuation (1)
- Frequency-wavenumber method (1)
- Fundamente (1)
- Fundamentschwingungen (1)
- Fundamentübertraung (1)
- Gebäudelagerung (1)
- Gebäudemodelle (1)
- Gebäudeschwingungen, Deckenschwingungen, Wellenausbreitung (1)
- Geometric trackbed irregularities (1)
- Geometric vehicle and track irregularities (1)
- Geometrie (1)
- Gleisschwingungen (1)
- Heavy sleeper (1)
- High-Rise Building (1)
- High-rise buildings (1)
- Hochgeschwindigkeitszüge (1)
- Homogener und geschichteter Halbraum (1)
- Immissionsminderung (1)
- Impedanzmethode (1)
- Inertial Interaction (1)
- Inertial interaction (1)
- Inhomogeneous soils (1)
- Insertion loss (1)
- Interacción dinámica suelo-estructura (1)
- Interaction (1)
- Interior load (1)
- Irrégularités et forces roue-rail (1)
- Kinematic Interaction (1)
- Kinematic and inertial soil-pile-building (1)
- Kinematic interaction (1)
- Kopplung des Fahrzeug-Fahrweg-Untergrund-Systems (1)
- Kraft auf den Boden (1)
- Laboratory tests (1)
- Long-span bridge (1)
- MASW (1)
- Mass drop (1)
- Material damping (1)
- Measured railway vibrations (1)
- Measurement campaigns (1)
- Mehrfeld-Decken (1)
- Messtechnische Ergebnisse (1)
- Minderung (1)
- Mitigation measures (1)
- Modal analysis (1)
- Modal force spectrum (1)
- Modal load spectrum (1)
- Modell (1)
- Modes (1)
- Modes and waves (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Movin load test (1)
- Moving load (1)
- Moving loads on tracks (1)
- Multi-beam method (1)
- Multi-beam model (1)
- Multi-beam track model (1)
- Multi-beam-on-support model (1)
- Nachgiebigkeiten (1)
- Non-synoptic wind event (1)
- Normung (1)
- Obstacles (1)
- Office building (1)
- Ondes du sol multicouche (1)
- Overhead transmission line (1)
- Parametererregung (1)
- Parametric excitation (1)
- Pfahlnachgiebigkeiten (1)
- Pile Foundation (1)
- Pile foundations (1)
- Pile groups (1)
- Pile-soil interaction (1)
- Prediction of explosion induced ground and building vibration (1)
- Prediction software (1)
- Predictions (1)
- Prognose (1)
- Prognoseprogramm (1)
- Prognoseverfahren (1)
- Propagation from a tunnel (1)
- Quasi-static response; (1)
- Radiation damping (1)
- Rail pad (1)
- Railbridge (1)
- Railway forces (1)
- Railway induced ground vibration (1)
- Railway induced vibration (1)
- Railway track vibration (1)
- Railway trafiic (1)
- Random dynamics and vibrations (1)
- Random stiffness variation (1)
- Rayleighwellendispersion (1)
- Rechenmodell (1)
- Rechenverfahren (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Residential building (1)
- Resonancia en edificaciones (1)
- Resonant response (1)
- Resonanzamplitude (1)
- Richtige Fahrzeugmasse (1)
- Rigid vehicle model (1)
- SASW (1)
- SPAC (1)
- Scattering damping (1)
- Schichtresonanz (1)
- Schienenfahrweg (1)
- Schienenfahrwege (1)
- Schiffstoß (1)
- Schwellenabstandsanregung (1)
- Simple and fast prediction (1)
- Simple prediction (1)
- Simultanmessungen (1)
- Sleeper pad (1)
- Sleeper passage (1)
- Soft track elements (1)
- Soil forces (1)
- Soil transfer function (1)
- Soil-building resonance (1)
- Soil-pile interaction (1)
- Soil-wall floor model (1)
- Spektralanalyse (1)
- Static railway loads (1)
- Stiffness (1)
- Stiffness variation (1)
- Stockwerkrahmen (1)
- Stockwerksschwingungen (1)
- Störgrößen (1)
- Surface Foundation (1)
- Switch (1)
- Target stiffness (1)
- Theoretische Modelle (1)
- Trace (1)
- Track (1)
- Track alignment (1)
- Track and vehicle irregularities (1)
- Track beam (1)
- Track compliance (1)
- Track damage quantification (1)
- Track deflection (1)
- Track deformation (1)
- Track displacements (1)
- Track dynamic (1)
- Track filter (1)
- Track filtering (1)
- Track irregularities (1)
- Track-soil and vehicle-track resonances (1)
- Train configuration (1)
- Train induced ground vibration (1)
- Train-induced vibration (1)
- Tran speed (1)
- Transfer fuction (1)
- Transfer function (1)
- Trench (1)
- Tunnel line (1)
- Tunnel track (1)
- Tunnel vibration (1)
- Tunnel-pile transfer (1)
- Tunnel-to-surface reduction (1)
- Tunnelstrecke (1)
- Turnout (1)
- Under sleeper pads (1)
- Under-sleeper pads (1)
- Varying soil stiffness (1)
- Varying stiffness (1)
- Verifikation (1)
- Verkehrserschütterungen (1)
- Vibration (1)
- Vibration excitation (1)
- Vibration isolation (1)
- Vibrations dues aux trains (1)
- Wave attenuation (1)
- Wave theory of attenuation (1)
- Wave velocity (1)
- Wave-number integrals (1)
- Wavenumber domain (1)
- Waves (1)
- Wellenfeld (1)
- Wellenfeldberechnung (1)
- Wellenzahlmethode (1)
- Wheel out-of-roundness (1)
- Wheel-rail irregularities and forces (1)
- Wheelset (1)
- Wheelset accelerations (1)
- Wide sleeper (1)
- Windenergieanlagen (1)
- Zerstreute Achsimpulse (1)
- elastische Gebäudelagerungen (1)
- layered soil (1)
- sleeper pads (1)
- zerstreute Achslastimpulse (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (82)
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (82)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (134)
Die Grundidee einer Schwingungsminderung ist es eine tiefe Eigenfrequenz der Struktur zu erreichen, so dass höhere Frequenzen abgemindert werden. Das gilt für die Minderung an der Quelle, zum Beispiel einem Eisenbahngleis, und für die Minderung am Empfänger, dem Gebäude. Die Eigenfrequenz ermittelt man aus dem Verhältnis der Auflagersteifigkeit und der Masse. Wie ist die Masse bei einem Gebäude zu wählen? Und wie ist die Untergrundsteifigkeit zu berücksichtigen? Als Referenzsituation ohne Minderungsmaßnahme? Der Beitrag bringt Rechenergebnisse zu abgefederten Gebäuden mit einfachen und komplexen (FE-) Modellen, Mess- und Rechenergebnisse zur Schwingungsübertragung von unabgefederten Gebäuden. Es wird der Einfluss der Abstimmfrequenz, der Bodensteifigkeit und der „starren“ Gebäudemasse untersucht. Die komplexen Gebäudemodelle erlauben, neben der Berechnung einer elastischen Gebäudelagerung, auch die Variation von Gebäudeparametern zur Reduktion der Deckenschwingungen. Den Ergebnissen bei der Erschütterungs-übertragung in Gebäude werden zwei ähnliche Beispiele zur elastischen Maschinenlagerung und zur elastischen Gleislagerung gegenübergestellt.
A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train induced ground and building vibrations. Simple models such as (1-dimensional) transfer matrices are used for the vehicle-track-soil interaction and for the building-soil interaction. The wave propagation through layered soils is approximated by a frequency-dependent homogeneous half-space. The prediction is divided into the parts “emission” (excitation by railway traffic), “transmission” (wave propagation through the soil) and “immission” (transfer into a building). The link between the modules is made by the excitation force between emission and transmission, and by the free-field vibration between transmission and immission. All formula for the simple vehicle-track, soil and building models are given in this article. The behaviour of the models is demonstrated by typical examples, that is the mitigation of train vibrations by elastic track elements, the low- and high-frequency cut-offs characteristic for layered soils, and the interacting soil, wall and floor resonances of multi-storey buildings. It is shown that the results of the simple prediction models can well represent the behaviour of the more time-consuming detailed models, the finite-element boundary-element models of the track, the wavenumber integrals for the soil, and the three-dimensional finite-element models of the building. In addition, measurement examples are given for each part of the prediction confirming that the methods provide reasonable results. As the prediction models are fast in calculation, many predictions can be done, for example to assess the environmental effect along a new railway line. The simple models have the additional advantage that the user needs to know only a minimum of parameters. So, the prediction is fast and user-friendly, but also theoretically and experimentally well-founded.
This contribution intends to give an overview on the vibration behaviour of slab tracks in comparison of measurements and calculations and also by comparison of different track types at more than ten different measuring sites.
In theory, tracks on continuous soil are calculated by the frequency-wavenumber domain method. In experiment, geophone measurements are transformed to displacement results. Two aspects of track behaviour are considered, the frequency-dependant compliance of the track, measured by hammer impact, and the deflection under a passing axle load. In theory, the response to a single axle can be calculated, whereas in experiment, only the passage of the whole train can be measured. For comparison of theory and experiment, the calculated deflection under a single axle is superposed to get the response of the whole train. As a result, the slab track characteristics are completely different from the ballast track characteristics where each axle can be seen in the time histories. The slab track has a more global behaviour where only a whole bogie can be found in the track response and moreover, the two neighbouring bogies are not completely separated. The measurement of the different track elements (rail, sleeper, track plate, base layer) and the frequency-dependant compliances with possible resonances yield further information About the properties of the track elements. The calculations show that the soil has the dominant influence on the amplitudes and the width of the track-plate displacements. In the measurement results, the following
parameters are analysed: slab track vs. ballast track, different types of slab tracks, damaged slab tracks, different trains, switches at different measuring points, voided sleepers, an elastic layer, the mortar layer, and different soils at different places. Finally, a good agreement between measured and calculated results is found for the normal and some special (damaged, floating) slab tracks.
The passage of the train is dominated by the impulses of the static axle loads. The response of the regular homogeneous and irregular soils has been calculated by the finite-element method in frequency domain. The superposition of the impulse responses yields the quasi-static component of the ground vibration which is restricted to very low frequencies and to the close near-field of the track. In case of an irregular soil or ballast of which the stiffness varies randomly in space, a mid-frequency ground vibration component is generated by the scattering of the axle impulses. Measurements will be shown which prove the existence of the mid-frequency ground vibration component and the unique explanation by the scattered axle impulses: many international measurements with a raised mid-frequency component, axle-box measurements with a too low mid-frequency dynamic load, amplitude-speed dependencies which are incompatible with irregularity-induced dynamic loads, and ground vibration reductions due to stiff track elements.
In the last three decades, the vibrations of many floors and bridges have been measured. The contribution shows some evaluation methods, experimental results and some modelling and theoretical results. Simple evaluation methods have been developed for single and coupled floors. Two coupled beams have been measured in good agreement with the theory. A more complex coupling model has been found for a large wooden floor in a castle consisting of six floor bays which correlates well with the measurements. Damaged and intact poles have been tested by their natural frequencies and damping values, and a fair correlation between the degree of damage and the shift of the frequency. Road bridges have been analysed in detail and some examples are presented. Railway bridges and trains are studied for resonant excitation. The risk of resonance can be estimated in frequency domain by using axle-sequence spectra of the train and the natural frequencies of the bridge. A measurement example shows the amplification, but even stronger the cancellation of the subsequent axle responses. Several high-speed trains and freight trains have been analysed for their potential resonance amplification.
The passage of the train is dominated by the impulses of the static axle loads. The response of the regular homogeneous and irregular soils has been calculated by the finite-element method in frequency domain. The superposition of the impulse responses yields the quasi-static component of the ground vibration which is restricted to very low frequencies and to the close near-field of the track. In case of an irregular soil or ballast of which the stiffness varies randomly in space, a mid-frequency ground vibration component is generated by the scattering of the axle impulses. Measurements will be shown which prove the existence of the mid-frequency ground vibration component and the unique explanation by the scattered axle impulses: many international measurements with a raised mid-frequency component, axle-box measurements with a too low mid-frequency dynamic load, amplitude-speed dependencies which are incompatible with irregularity-induced dynamic loads, and ground vibration reductions due to stiff track elements.
In the last three decades, the vibrations of many floors and bridges have been measured. The contribution shows some evaluation methods, experimental results and some modelling and theoretical results. Simple evaluation methods have been developed for single and coupled floors. Two coupled beams have been measured in good agreement with the theory. A more complex coupling model has been found for a large wooden floor in a castle consisting of six floor bays which correlates well with the measurements. Damaged and intact poles have been tested by their natural frequencies and damping values, and a fair correlation between the degree of damage and the shift of the frequency. Road bridges have been analysed in detail and some examples are presented. Railway bridges and trains are studied for resonant excitation. The risk of resonance can be estimated in frequency domain by using axle-sequence spectra of the train and the natural frequencies of the bridge. A measurement example shows the amplification, but even stronger the cancellation of the subsequent axle responses. Several high-speed trains and freight trains have been analysed for their potential resonance amplification.
This article deals with two topics of vehicle-track-soil interaction, the mitigation of railway induced ground vibration by soft track elements, and the identification of track damage. Theoretical results have been achieved by a combined finite-element boundary-element method (FEBEM). The theoretical results are confronted with measurements at four sites. Improved mitigation effects have been found for soft rail pads under heavy sleepers. The insertion loss, however, can be too optimistic if a strong vehicle track resonance occurs for the un-isolated reference track. Two measurement sites show this strong vehicle-track resonance at about 80 Hz, which has been approximated by using the results of a wide parameter study including the rail pad, ballast, and soil stiffness, as well as the ballast model and the soil layering. – The detection of slab track damage is mainly based on the differences of the receptance or compliance functions. Theoretical results have been confirmed by measurements at one site where a loss of contact between track plate and base layer was visible. Measurements at a second site with a hidden damage have been compared with the theoretical results of a loose sleeper. The differences between intact (or repaired) and damaged tracks are strong enough to encourage the further development of this method for the identification of track damages.