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The thermal radiation impact of organic peroxide fireballs is experimentally assessed using an infrared camera. Fireballs are generated while liquid peroxide filled steel drums are subjected to gas burner fire at different heating rates. Three large burning clouds are observed with varying flame characteristics. Thermal radiation properties are assessed by infrared images with the presented methods. Despite of the two-dimensional temperature fields, the flames are treated and characterized as three-dimensional objects. Fireball diameters and heights are calculated based on a representing radiating sphere with the same cloud volume. By the use of the solid flame model and assumptions for emissivity and transmissivity, heat fluxes and thermal radiation doses against distance are predicted. Thermal safety distances are presented based on the maximum irradiance and the allowed exposure time. The validation of the maximum and time-dependent radiation fields is achieved through heat flux sensors in varying distances to the fireball. The results prove the use of an infrared camera and a volume based size calculation to fully assess the thermal radiation hazards of fireballs.
Organic peroxides are capable to form fireballs with explosive violence. Only fireball models for liquid hydrocarbon fuels are available for the assessment of the thermal radiation properties. Because the development of such fireballs usually differ from those of organic peroxides the properties need to be characterized by modified equations. In this study liquid organic peroxide fireballs from 16 kg to 155 kg substance masses are characterized and compared to selected existing correlations. Flame characteristics and irradiances are measured with infrared cameras and heat flux sensors. All fireballs are consequences of simulated worst case scenarios where filled steel drums are engulfed by fire with varying heat impact. The differences of the given semi-empirical equations and the presented experimental work are explained. A new model is proposed for organic peroxide fireballs by modifying the constants of the known equations. The thermal radiation impact and safety distances are calculated and compared.