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- Biocide (2)
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Eingeladener Vortrag
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Seasonal shifts of fungal community structure at the interface of treated or untreated wood and soil
(2010)
The wood protection industry has refined their products from chrome-, copper-, and arsenate-based wood preservatives toward solely copper-based preservatives in combination with organic biocides. One of these is Cu-HDO, containing the chelation product of copper and N-cyclohexyldiazenium dioxide (HDO). In this study, the fate of isotope-labeled (13C) and nonlabeled (12C) Cu-HDO incorporated in wood sawdust mixed with soil was investigated. HDO concentration was monitored by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The total carbon and the δ13C content of respired CO2, as well as of the soil-wood-sawdust mixture, were determined with an elemental analyzer-isotopic ratio mass spectrometer. The concentration of HDO decreased significantly after 105 days of incubation, and after 24 days the 13CO2 concentration respired from soil increased steadily to a maximum after 64 days of incubation. Phospholipid fatty acid-stable isotope probing (PFA-SIP) analysis revealed that the dominant PFAs C19:0d8,9, C18:0, C18:1ω7, C18:2ω6,9, C17:1d7,8, C16:0, and C16:1ω7 were highly enriched in their δ13C content. Moreover, RNA-SIP identified members of the phylum Acidobacteria and the genera Phenylobacterium and Comamonas that were assimilating carbon from HDO exclusively. Cu-HDO as part of a wood preservative effectively decreased fungal wood decay and overall microbial respiration from soil. In turn, a defined bacterial community was stimulated that was able to metabolize HDO completely.
The metabolism of moulds results in the formation of various microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs). These substances can be used as an indicator for the presence of moulds in the indoor environment. Three different mould strains were cultivated on culture media and IMS spectra of gaseous mould metabolites were recorded using a portable mini system with a tritium source and a 5 cm drift cell. The headspace spectra are characteristic for mould species and their age. Typical gaseous components of the metabolites were identified and compared with results obtained from gas chromatography using a mass spectrometer detector. It was observed that the MVOCs formation depends on mould species and their growing stage with a maximum of MVOCs emission occurring during the first 10 days. These preliminary results show that IMS can be applied to detect MVOCs in indoor environment and indicate hidden mould growth.
Biocides are used in a wide range of materials of both synthetic as well as natural origin. Natural materials such as wood or wool often have very limited natural durability and environmental processes degrade and recycle the material by physical, chemical and biological means. However, mankind often aims to prolong the service life of these products especially when value has been added by using these materials e.g. for building purposes or clothing. The use of biocides is often welcomed when other means to protect a natural material (e.g. keep it dry, out of reach for insects) cannot be achieved.
Untersuchung von Transport- und Schädigungsprozessen mittels lokal angeregter aktiver Thermografie
(2010)
Als schnelles und berührungsfreies Messverfahren kann die aktive
Thermografie auch in-situ eingesetzt werden, d.h. während sich Materialeigenschaften
aufgrund direkter oder indirekter Einflüsse ändern.
In diesem Beitrag stellen wir die Methode der aktiven Thermografie mittels lokaler
Laseranregung und deren Anwendung auf unterschiedliche Materialien wie Holz,
Sandstein und Keramiken vor. Mit der im Folgenden beschriebenen Methode
wurden der Einfluss von Holzschutzmitteln auf die thermischen Eigenschaften von
Holz, Feuchtetransportprozesse in Naturstein sowie die thermischen Eigenschaften
von Siliziumcarbid unterschiedlicher Dicke und von Hochtemperaturkeramiken
nach zunehmender thermischer Belastung in-situ untersucht.
Experimentelle Ergebnisse werden u. a. im Vergleich mit numerischen Simulationen
vorgestellt.