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Monitoring of fire damage processes in concrete by pore pressure and acoustic emission measurements
(2011)
This paper presents the combined use of acoustic emission (AE), gas pore pressure and temperature measurements (PT). The simultaneous application of both techniques represents a new methodology in the context of fire spalling and contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms of fire spalling, particular with regard to the interaction of micro cracking and pore pressure evolution. The study presents fire tests on normal strength concrete specimens with and without reinforcement at ISO Standard fire and at hydrocarbon (HC) fire. Supported by AE-analysis, it can be shown that due to the higher heating rate of the HC-fire in comparison to the ISO Standard fire the damage processes inside the concrete during the exposure are increased combined with augmenting the concrete permeability. As a consequence lower pore pressures were measured. However, despite the lower pore pressures, explosive spalling was observed.
Engineering Modelling
(2019)
This chapter presents the most commonly used approach to analyse the
thermo-mechanical behaviour of concrete structures subjected to high temperatures as in the case of fire loading. Prescriptions of the Eurocode are detailed for the thermal as well as the mechanical analysis. Finally, recommendations from two national (Austrian and German) guidelines give some improvements for Underground infrastructure.
Influence of the preload on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete at high temperatures
(2009)
This paper presents the results of an
experimental study on the transient strain of high
strength concrete (HSC) under heating up to 750 °C
and the impact of polypropylene (PP) fibers. Concerning
this topic only few results are available in the
literature and systematic investigations are missing.
However, basic knowledge is necessary for the
understanding of the internal damage processes in
the material as well as for heated structures. The
transient strain during heating can be separated in two
basic components: the free thermal strain and the
mechanical strain. They were experimentally determined
exemplarily for one HSC. For the determination
of the mechanisms of transient strain and particularly
the influence of PP fibers different techniques were
applied. In this context the monitoring of the microcracking
was done for the first time with acoustic
emission analysis in combination with ultrasonic
measurements. This new approach helps fundamentally
to explain the impact of PP fibers on free thermal
strain and mechanical strain during heating up.
Furthermore weight loss measurements were carried
out to characterize the moisture transport. It was
shown that the PP fibers cause an acceleration of the
moisture transport in the temperature range from 200
to 250 °C which leads to drying shrinkage in opposite
direction to the free thermal strain. Hence this paper is
a contribution to the general understanding of the
impact of PP fibers in HSC at high temperatures and
emphasizes the important influence of PP fibers on the
thermal and mechanical induced strain of HSC.
This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the influence of polypropylene (PP) fibres on the thermal strain of high strength concrete (HSC) at temperatures up to 750°C. Concerning this topic only few results can be found in the literature and systematic investigations are missing. However, basic knowledge is necessary to understand the internal damage processes as well as for structural design.
To explain the differences in the thermal strain of HSC with and without addition of PP fibres the internal damage processes were investigated with acoustic emission (AE) analysis and ultrasound (US). Furthermore the weight loss was measured continuously during heating to monitor the drying of the specimen. This novel approach by combining these different methods with strain measurements at high temperatures allows the integral description of the internal damage processes. The results reveal significant differences in the thermal strain of HSC when PP fibres are added. Between 200°C and 250°C the thermal strain of HSC with PP fibres is superimposed by shrinkage caused by accelerated drying. Above 250°C it is lower than that of plain HSC without PP fibres. It is supposed that it is caused by a more homogeneous distribution of micro cracks whereby the fibre beds acting as defects in the concrete.
Hence this paper gives a contribution to the general understanding of the impact of PP fibres in HSC at high temperatures and points out the influence of the fibres on the thermal strain of HSC.
Influence of the preload on the mechanical properties of high strength concrete at high temperatures
(2009)