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Die sicherheitstechnische Auslegung von Behältern aus duktilem Gusseisen mit erhöhten Reststoffanteilen wird untersucht. Ausgehend von den zu gewährleistenden Anforderungen an Transport- und Lagerbehälter für radioaktive Abfälle werden Referenzbeanspruchungs- situationen definiert. Für einen ausgewählten Referenzfall (bestehend aus der Kombination der Behälterbauart Gusscontainer Typ VI, einem Absturz aus 5 m Höhe auf ein hartes Endlagergestein simulierendes Betonfundament als repräsentativer Störfall und vorgegebenen Werkstoffeigenschaften) wird eine numerische Spannungsanalyse durchgeführt. Die Berechnungen erfolgen mit der Methode der finiten Elemente an dreidimensionalen Modellen, deren numerische Stabilität und Genauigkeit überprüft wird. Zur Berechnung der Behälterbeanspruchungen in Abhängigkeit vom Reststoffanteil werden dynamische Fließkurven für definiert legierte Testabgüsse angegeben.
Cylindrical casks made of ductile cast iron are used for transport, interim storage and final disposal of radioactive waste in Germany. A basic design criterion is the ability to withstand a horizontal drop without impact Binders onto a foundation representative for the real ground of a storage facility. The increasing use of more cost-effective material compositions requires optimized cask geometries to reduce stresses and strains in the cask structure. For example, a non-uniform wall thickness was introduced to reduce maximum wall bending stresses. As a result, the load characteristics changed from line load to point load at bottom and lid side under horizontal drop fest conditions. Hereby, the position of highest stress inside the structure has shifted significantly. This was the reason for a systematic investigation of effects caused by small design changes or small variations of fest conditions. It led to a better understanding of the positions of high local stresses, their time history and maximum value for cylindrical casks under horizontal drop test conditions. Hence, the paper presents the lessons learnt from modeling and simulating such scenarios considering an impact without limiters onto a realistic target.
Experimental and numerical studies of shock absorbing materials for containers for radioactive waste
(2012)
BAM is the responsible authority in Germany for the assessment of the mechanical and thermal design safety of packages for the transport of radioactive materials. The assessment has to cover the proof of brittle fracture safety for package components made of potentially brittle materials. This paper gives a survey of the regulatory and technical requirements for such an assessment according to BAM's new 'Guidelines for the application of ductile cast iron for transport and storage casks for radioactive materials'. Based on these guidelines, higher stresses than before will be permissible, but it is necessary to put more effort into the safety assessment procedure. The fundamentals of such a proof using the methods of fracture mechanics are presented. The recommended procedure takes into account the guidelines of the IAEA's advisory material which are based on the prevention of crack initiation. Examples of BAM's research and safety assessment practices are given. Recommendations for further developments towards package designs with higher acceptable stress levels will conclude the paper.
Finite element analysis (FEA) has been carried out for investigation of damping concrete under different impact loading conditions with a built-in material model and damage criteria available in FEA code ABAQUS.
At first, all parameters for the selected material model had been derived from compression Tests of cubic specimens. After that, a validation was carried out with different static and dynamic penetration tests. Finally, a 5 meter real drop test with a 23 Mg cylindrical cask could successfully be simulated.