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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Research software has become a central asset in academic research. It optimizes existing and enables new research methods, implements and embeds research knowledge, and constitutes an essential research product in itself. Research software must be sustainable in order to understand, replicate, reproduce, and build upon existing research or conduct new research effectively. In other words, software must be available, discoverable, usable, and adaptable to new needs, both now and in the future. Research software therefore requires an environment that supports sustainability.
Hence, a change is needed in the way research software development and maintenance are currently motivated, incentivized, funded, structurally and infrastructurally supported, and legally treated. Failing to do so will threaten the quality and validity of research. In this paper, we identify challenges for research software sustainability in Germany and beyond, in terms of motivation, selection, research software engineering personnel, funding, infrastructure, and legal aspects. Besides researchers, we specifically address political and academic decision-makers to increase awareness of the importance and needs of sustainable research software practices. In particular, we recommend strategies and measures to create an environment for sustainable research software, with the ultimate goal to ensure that software-driven research is valid, reproducible and sustainable, and that software is recognized as a first class citizen in research. This paper is the outcome of two workshops run in Germany in 2019, at deRSE19 - the first International Conference of Research Software Engineers in Germany - and a dedicated DFG-supported follow-up workshop in Berlin.
In the current study, the tribological properties of TiC-based coatings paired with polycrystalline alumina under unlubricated sliding conditions were investigated in order to demonstrate the technological and engineering potential of such coatings. (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-Co coatings were prepared from an agglomerated and sintered spray powder by HVOF spraying using JP-5000 equipment. Cr3C2-NiCr coatings were studied for comparison. Sliding wear tests were performed over the temperature range from 23°C to 800°C with sliding speeds in the range 0.3-3 m/s, a wear distance of 5000 m and a normal force of 10 N. Wear rates of coatings and sintered alumina counterparts were measured separately. Compared with Cr3C2-NiCr coatings, (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-Co coatings showed significantly lower total wear rates, corresponding to those found in the region of mixed/boundary lubrication. With few exceptions, the coefficients of friction were found to be lower for (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-Co coatings than for Cr3C2-NiCr coatings. After tests were performed, the coating microstructures were studied by optical microscopy and SEM. The oxide scales formed on the coating surfaces were investigated by SEM and X-ray diffraction. Comparison of the total wear rates of the couples consisting of sintered alumina and a (Ti,Mo)(C,N)-Co coating with those of other alumina-ceramic and hardmetal-hard metal tribological systems demonstrates the immense potential of TiC-based coatings for sliding wear applications.
Evaluation of an interlaboratory comparison of the chemical assay of U, Th oxide coated particles
(1981)
We report a two-step process for the immobilization of gold nanocubes (Au-NCs) on a glass surface using a combination of extraction and exchange reaction using poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and trisodium citrate (TSC). Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) stabilized gold nanocubes (CTAC/Au-NCs) synthesized by a microfluidic synthesis procedure were successfully deposited on silane-modified glass substrate after extraction of excess CTAC using chloroform followed by exchange of CTAC to TSC on the surface of Au-NCs. Further, TSC/Au-NCs were found to be highly stable and suitable for microfluidic sensing of different glucose concentrations using localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy offering an improved sensitivity (126.37 nm/RIU).
The ternary sulfido bismuthate K3[BiS3] is synthesized in quantitative yields. The material exhibits nonlinear optical properties with strong second harmonic generation properties at arbitrary wavelengths in the infrared spectral range and a notable laser-induced damage threshold of 5.22 GW cm−2 for pulsed laser radiation at a wavelength of 1040 nm, a pulse duration of 180 fs, and a repetition rate of 12.5 kHz. K3[BiS3] indicates semiconductivity with a direct optical band gap of 2.51 eV. Dielectric and impedance characterizations demonstrate κ values in the range of 6−13 at 1 kHz and a high electrical resistivity. A strong diamagnetic behavior with a susceptibility of −2.73 × 10−4 m3 kg−1 at room temperature is observed. These results suggest it is a promising nonlinear optical candidate for the infrared
region. The synergic physical characteristics of K3[BiS3] provide insight into the correlation of optical, electrical, and magnetic properties.