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Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (6)
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Specimens of single crystal superalloy SC16 were creep deformed at 1223 K along [0 0 1] up to ±0.5% creep strain using stresses of -150 MPa and +150 MPa, respectively. Line widths and peak positions of superlattice reflections were measured by means of X-ray diffraction parallel and perpendicular to the load axis in the temperature range between 293 K and 1173 K. The line widths were found to decrease with the increase of temperature for both directions on the two specimens after tensile and compressive creep deformation. After both kinds of creep deformation the crystal lattice showed tetragonal distortion which decreased with increasing temperature. The tetragonality after tensile creep deformation was larger than unity while it was smaller than unity after compressive creep deformation. The peak positions and widths restored after cooling back to room temperature. The experimental results can qualitatively be explained by the creation of dislocations during deformation and their anisotropic arrangement at the γ/γ' interfaces.
Investigation of the orientation relationships of carlsbergite in the North Chile iron meteorite
(2005)
Calculation of the activation energy of self-diffusion in aluminium from impurity diffusion date
(1975)
High-resolution diffraction using synchrotron x-ray radiation was applied to study γ´ precipitates with an L12 superlattice crystal structure in the single crystal superalloy SC16 after creep deformation at 1223 K with a creep strain of ±0.5% for tensile and compressive loads, respectively. The measurements of full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 001 and 100 γ´ superlattice reflections were performed at various temperatures from ambient temperature to 1173 K in vacuum. The experimental results revealed that the FWHM of both reflections decrease with increasing temperature. It is well-known that changes in particle size and lattice distortion in materials could lead to a variation of FWHM. The observed behaviour is discussed in the light of both the above-mentioned aspects. The decrease in the peak width is mainly attributed to the temperature dependence of the internal strain state.
To start the large-scale deployment of offshore wind in German waters, the German Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU) supports the offshore test site "alpha ventus" in the North Sea with a research budget of about 50 million Euro in the next years. The overall objective of the research is to reduce the costs of offshore wind energy deployment in deep water. In order to provide all participating research projects with detailed data, the test site will be equipped with extensive measurement instrumentation.
This research initiative was named RAVE Research at Alpha VEntus and consists of a variety of projects in connection with the installation and operation of alpha ventus. As part of the RAVE initiative, so far the participating institutes and companies have prepared projects on the following topics:
Realization of the joint measurements and data management
Analysis of loads, modelling and further development of the different components of offshore wind turbines
Loads at offshore foundations and structures
Further development of LIDAR wind measuring techniques
Grid integration of offshore wind energy
Monitoring of the offshore wind energy deployment in Germany "Offshore WMEP"
Measurement of the operating noises and modelling of the sound propagation between tower and water
Ecologic research
Time dependence of y/y' Lattice Mismatch in Creep-deformed Single Crystal Superalloy SC16 at 1173 K
(2007)
The crystallographic orientation of carlsbergite (CrN) in the north Chile meteorite (hexahedrite) was investigated using electron backscatter diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. These studies examined the CrN crystals in the rhabdites (idiomorphic schreibersite) and in kamacite. It was found that the CrN crystals embedded in rhabdite show a number of different orientation relationships with the host crystals. These orientations can be explained based on the lattice dimensions of both coexisting crystalline materials. It was also found that both carlsbergite and kamacite are characterized by a high dislocation density (109 cm2) while rhabdite is free of dislocations. It is supposed that in spite of the deformed metallic matrix, a general connection between the orientation relation of all the phases involved exists.
In the present work, electron backscatter diffraction was used to determine the microscopic dislocation structures generated during creep (with tests interrupted at the steady state) in pure 99.8% aluminium. This material was investigated at two different stress levels, corresponding to the power-law and power-law breakdown regimes. The results show that the formation of subgrain cellular structures occurs independently of the crystallographic orientation. However, the density of these cellular structures strongly depends on the grain crystallographic orientation with respect to the tensile axis direction, with <111> grains exhibiting the highest densities at both stress levels. It is proposed that this behaviour is due to the influence of intergranular stresses, which is different in <111> and <001> grains.
Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) specimen from biopsy materials are a widespread sample format for pathologists and medical researchers. Pathologists are archiving vast numbers of FFPE samples which can be stored for decades. Conventional immunohistochemical staining (IHC) of biomarkers on FFPE tissue sections is one of the most important analytical techniques for cancer diagnosis and pathology in general. However standardization for IHC samples and quality management is tedious and differs significantly from clinic to clinic. Combining established IHC staining strategies with modern mass spectrometry mediated methods would increase it`s potential and enable access of large FFPE archives for multiplexed quantitation purposes. In this work element mass spectrometry and a new ink-jet printed internal standardization approach was successfully combined with IHC staining to facilitate quantitative multiplex assays for archived FFPE samples. The printing strategy improves elemental image resolution and reproducibility of paraffin embedded breast cancer tissue sections in laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) using conventional IHC staining as a model system to investigate the new capabilities of this technique. For the internal standardization we applied a conventional CD-ink-jet printer to print a metal spiked ink onto the top of thin layer tissue sections with constant density. Printing was carried out in a direct comparison to an iodination of the tissue section as previously described as an alternative standardization method. The use of the printed internal standard allowed correction of the fluctuation during the laser ablation process and compensated instrumental drift effects. Mediated by the ink correction approach we achieved better signal-to-background-ratios (SBR) of 74 and better spatial resolution of 30 µm compared to iodination (SBR=23). This improved performance was demonstrated on tumorous areas in FFPE breast cancer tissue sections and allowing detection of Her-2 in tumorous areas of this tissue with significantly improved contrast.