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- Groundwater remediation (3)
- Hydroxyapatite (3)
- Elemental Iron (2)
- Long-term Performance (2)
- Permeable Reactive Barrier (2)
- Uranium (2)
- Ageing (1)
- Biomineralisierung (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Electrokinetic curtains (1)
Die Reduzierung von Schadstoffen im Grundwasser mit reaktiven Wänden ist eine neuartiges passives Sanierungsverfahren. Die am häufigsten angewandten Dekontaminierungsprozesse sind dabei chemische Reduktion, Oxidation, Ausfällung und Sorption, die im Bericht beispielhaft dargestellt sind. Blei, Chrom und insbesondere Uran werden unter den anorganischen Schadstoffen detailliert behandelt, da solche Grundwasserverunreinigung in vielen europäischen Ländern auftreten. Baumethoden für Dichtwände und reaktive Wände weisen gemeinsame Merkmale auf. Neben den gewöhnlichen Methoden werden Bohrverfahren, deep-soil-mixing, Strahltechnologien, Brunnengalerien, Injektionssysteme und Biobarrieren angewendet, um reaktive Wände zu errichten. Die Technik der reaktiven Wände besitzt ein großes Potential für die Sanierungstechnik der Zukunft.
Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) offer an alternative as opposed to more cost-intensive active methods for groundwater remediation, e.g. pump-and-treat. Long-term performance of PRBs, however, is crucial for the technology’s success. The paper summarises the results of long-term column experiments with elemental iron (Fe0) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) as reactive materials for the removal of uranium from groundwater. Good removal results have been achieved using elemental iron with possible reaction paths being reductive precipitation and adsorption on to corrosion products of Fe0.
Permeable reactive barriers
(2005)
Long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers has been investigated in laboratory experiments using elemental iron and hydroxyapatite as reactive materials and uranium as contaminant. Accelerated testing has been performed by applying elevated pollutant concentration and an increased flow velocity. The spatial distribution of uranium in the test columns has been investigated using a radioactive tracer. The results show that the migration pattern exhibits a linear behaviour.
Langzeitbeständigkeit von permeablen reaktiven Wänden zur Sanierung kontaminierter Grundwässer
(2003)
Effective cleanup of groundwater contaminated with radionuclides using permeable reactive barriers
(2015)
The mining of natural resources always causes environmental impacts such as land use, large quantities of waste, destruction of habitat, impairment of groundwater regime, and quite possibly contamination of soil, water, or air (Dudka and Adriano 1997). The environmental impact of mining cannot be estimated easily. The concept of total material requirement (TMR) is an attempt to quantify the environmental impact of materials. TMR is the sum of domestic and imported primary natural resources and their hidden flows (Adriaanse et al. 1997). Hidden flows are often not considered in environmental analyses because they are attributed with no cost. However, overburden from mining, earth moving for construction, and soil erosion are major sources of ecological damage. From the mining of minerals to the final products, a number of process steps take place (exploration, mine site development, extraction, milling, washing, concentration, smelting, refining, fabrication), each step being connected to other input flows such as energy or other resources. The hidden flows for metals related to metal ore mining have been investigated by Halada et al. (2001). Table 9.1 lists the data for some metals, together with the data for some other minerals and fuels. The TMR in the United States in the 1990s was between 80 and 100 tonnes per capita; in the European Union (EU-15) approximately 50 tonnes per capita (Bringezu 2002).