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- 2013 (15) (entfernen)
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- Aircraft cabin air flow (1)
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Eingeladener Vortrag
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Neben herkömmlichen Stahlflaschen, die seit Jahrzehnten in fast unveränderter Bauform für Flüssiggase (Propan-Butan-Gemische) eingesetzt werden, etablieren sich immer mehr Flaschen aus Faserverbundwerkstoffen (GFK) mit einer geringeren Masse. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) wurde beauftragt, das Verhalten dieser Gasflaschen unter den extremen Bedingungen eines Unfallfeuers zu untersuchen. In einem Brandprüfstand der BAM auf dem Testgelände Technische Sicherheit (TTS) in Horstwalde wurden deshalb beide Typen von Propangasflaschen einem simulierten Unfallfeuer ausgesetzt.
Rückendeckung
(2013)
In Europe, tanks designed on different safety philosophies are used for transporting one and the same liquid dangerous goods (Krautwurst, 2011). Owing to this circumstance, the BAM was commissioned by the BMVBS to conduct a research project designed to analyse and assess the equipment of tanks. Furthermore in these project were researched some failure mechanism of pressure relief devices (PRD).
Based on the knowledge gained, possible solutions were worked out under safety-relevant aspects that would benefit tank transport by providing a lower hazard potential. Besides looking at the mode of operation and the construction of PRV, their blow-off characteristics and total flow rate are considered from a safety engineering point of view.
Based on in-depth studies, a concept for and the further approach to examinations of the failure limits of PRD, especially of spring loaded relief valves, was developed and comprehensively described in the report “The use of safety devices, particularly safety valves, on transport containers” (Pötzsch, Reich, & Jochems, 2011).
The purpose of this study was to investigate failure causes of safety valves by normal modes and accidental fire heat loads. A series of investigations for different influences using safety valves for tanks were obtained. Testing vibration modes and corrosion presents some design limits. Experimental study of a pressure vessel engulfing in fire identify significant design limits. The complete set of results provides direct information of fail-safe modes and discusses the usage.
Dangerous goods are transported as air freight in commercial aircrafts. Using plastic jerrycans or plastic containers, liquids or gases can escape by leakage or permeation effects. Prior research by the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) showed that the lower explosion limit can be reached when transporting dangerous goods in sea-freight containers under normal transportation situations. This motivated the presented study of the transportation situation of dangerous goods in cargo compartments of commercial airplanes. The scope of this paper is to present the experimental method used for validating a numerical model for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations. The CFD model will be used in a future study to evaluate the potential risk from transporting dangerous goods.
The objective of this paper is to present the model mock-up of an aircraft cargo compartment and some examples of three dimensional velocity profiles of the air flow in the mock-up. The velocity profiles are calculated using numerical simulations and measured by Laser-Doppler-Anemometry (LDA) experiments. The mock-up is a generic model of a wide-body aircraft lower deck cargo compartment in a 1:10 scale. Geometry, air exchange rates and inlet as well as outlet flow conditions in the cargo compartment are modeled using realistic boundary conditions. The commercial CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code ANSYS CFX 14 is used for numerical flow simulations applying RANS (Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes) equations and turbulence models. The turbulence models studied are the renormalization group k-ε-model (RNG), the Reynolds-Stress model by Launder, Reece and Rodi (LRR) and the SST-k-ω-model by Menter (SST).
The flow measurement with LDA in the mock-up of a cargo compartment proves to be a feasible method for producing data to validate CFD simulations. Qualitative evaluation of the results shows a good overall agreement between numerical and experimental results. The experimental validation indicates that the implemented CFD model is capable of reproducing the flow situation in the model mock-up.
Im Gefahrgutrecht, insbesondere im Bereich der Gefahrguttanks für den Landverkehr, hat der Bezug zur technischen Norm aufgrund der Rechtsfortentwicklung eine fundamentale Bedeutung erlangt. Damit die Interessen der deutschen Tankhersteller genügend Berücksichtigung finden können, ist die kontinuierliche Mitarbeit der betroffenen Wirtschaftskreise in den nationalen und internationalen Normungsgremien erforderlich. Dieser Zusammenhang, der für den einzelnen Hersteller mit erhöhtem Aufwand verbunden ist, wird von den betroffenen Kreisen nicht flächendeckend wahrgenommen. Der Beitrag analysiert Gründe hierfür und macht Vorschläge zu leichten Korrekturen in der inhaltlichen Ausrichtung der Normung.
How can the risk of a BLEVE be reduced? That is the main question based on different research projects. In various large scale fire tests fire protection coating systems were used of different manufacturers. The degree of the coating as well as the layer thickness and the processing were varied. These experimental configurations were partly tested with and without pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valves were not protected again the thermal Load from the test fire. The ambition is to find a minimum of the thickness from the fire protection coating witch delay a BLEVE up to 90 minutes. Here are given the most interested configurations of tanks in fire and a description of the test-rigs.