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- Bending strength (2)
- Bioceramic coating (2)
- Bone implant (2)
- Calcium phosphate (2)
- Femtosecond laser (2)
- Titanium (2)
- 3D-printing process (1)
- Aluminium alloys (1)
- Bioaktives Material (1)
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- Bone (1)
- Bone substitute material (1)
- Bone substitute materials (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium compounds (1)
- Calcium phosphate cement (1)
- Calcium potassium sodium phosphate (1)
- Calcium-alkali-orthophosphate (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fatigue testing (1)
- Femtosekundenlaser (1)
- High-speed optical techniques (1)
- Implantat (1)
- Knochenersatz (1)
- Laser ablation (1)
- Lasersintern (1)
- Melting (1)
- Metallprothese (1)
- Orthopaedics (1)
- Potassium containing apatite (1)
- Prosthetics (1)
- Resorbable bioceramics (1)
- Rods (structures) (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Surface treatment (1)
- Titanium alloys (1)
- Vanadium alloys (1)
The surface of a titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) implant material was covered with a bioactive calcium alkali phosphate ceramic with the aim to accelerate the healing and to form a stronger bond to living bone tissue. To fix the ceramic powder we used a femtosecond laser, which causes a thin surface melting of the metal. It is a requirement to prove that the laser irradiation would not reduce the lifetime of implants. Here we present the results of mechanical stability tests, determined by the rotating bending fatigue strength of sample rods. After describing the sample surfaces and their modifications caused by the laser treatment we give evidence for an unchanged mechanical stability. This applies not only to the ceramic fixation but also to a comparatively strong laser ablation.
Femtosecond lasers provide a novel method of attaching bioceramic material to a titanium alloy, thereby improving the quality of bone implants. The ultrashort 30 fs laser pulses (790 nm wavelength) penetrate a thin dip-coated layer of fine ceramic powder, while simultaneously melting a surface layer of the underlying metal. The specific adjustment of the laser parameters (pulse energy and number of pulses per spot) avoids unnecessary melting of the bioactive calcium phosphate, and permits a defined thin surface melting of the metal, which in turn is not heated throughout, and therefore maintains its mechanical stability. It is essential to choose laser energy densities that correspond to the interval between the ablation fluences of both materials involved: about 0.1-0.4 J cm-2. In this work, we present the first results of this unusual technique, including laser ablation studies, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscope images, combined with EDX data.
Bone implants made of metal, often titanium or the titanium alloy Ti6Al4V, need to be surface treated to become bioactive. This enables the formation of a firm and durable connection of the prosthesis with the living bone. We present a new method to uniformly cover Ti6Al4V with a thin layer of ceramics that imitates bone material. These calcium alkali phosphates, called GB14 and Ca10, are applied to the metal by dip coating of metal plates into an aqueous slurry containing the fine ceramic powder. The dried samples are illuminated with the 790 nm radiation of a pulsed femtosecond laser. If the laser fluence is set to a value just below the ablation threshold of the ceramic (ca. 0.4 J/cm²) the 30 fs laser pulses penetrate the partly transparent ceramic layer of 20–40 µm thickness. The remaining laser fluence at the ceramic–metal interface is still high enough to generate a thin metal melt layer leading to the ceramic fixation on the metal. The laser processing step is only possible because Ti6Al4V has a lower ablation threshold (between 0.1 and 0.15 J/cm²) than the ceramic material. After laser treatment in a fluence range between 0.1 and 0.4 J/cm², only the particles in contact with the metal withstand a post-laser treatment (ultrasonic cleaning). The non-irradiated rest of the layer is washed off. In this work, we present results of a successful ceramic fixation extending over larger areas. This is fundamental for future applications of arbitrarily shaped implants.