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Due to their simple and reliable application, elastomers are used for many tasks. Many fields of application like transport, aviation and process technology, entail low temperatures where proper functionality of the employed seals has to be ensured. Therefore, understanding the low temperature behavior of elastomeric seals is important for safe seal operation to restrict the temperature application range.
For all areas of application, the question of seal lifetime is also important for replacement or maintenance intervals. The lifetime is especially important in applications that allow no seal replacement. Since the seal can determine the lifetime of storage in such cases, reliable lifetime estimation is necessary for these applications, and requires an extensive knowledge of the specific aging behavior.
HNBR, EPDM and FKM O-rings were aged uncompressed and compressed at 75 °C, 100 °C, 125 °C and 150 °C for up to 1 year. HNBR exhibited the strongest ageing effects with high increases of hardness and glass transition temperature. Furthermore, heterogeneous ageing caused by diffusion-limited oxidation effects had a significant influence for HNBR at ageing temperatures of 125 °C and 150 °C. EPDM showed similar property changes as HNBR, but less pronounced. FKM displayed only minor ageing effects. O-rings aged in compression exhibited considerable compression set (CS). CS data was used for a time-temperature shift and resulting master curve construction. Leakage rate measurements showed that O-rings can remain leak tight under static conditions even if material properties have already deteriorated strongly.