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Eingeladener Vortrag
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The purpose of this work is the development and numerical implementation of a non-local extension of existing Gurson-based modeling for isotropic ductile damage and attendant crack growth. In the current work, this extension is based on a generalization of Gurson-based ductile damage modeling formally analogous to that of Needleman and Tvergaard as based on a (local) effective damage parameter f* which accounts in their case in an effective fashion for the effect of void coalescence on yield behaviour. Here, the corresponding generalized effective damage parameter ? is introduced in order to delocalize the model damage process. To this end, ? is modeled in this work as a scalar-valued continuum microstructural field or generalized phase field via a recent thermodynamic approach to the modeling of such fields. In the last part of the work, the complete model for coupled damage-deformation is implemented numerically using the finite element method and utilized to investigate the damage behaviour of an inhomogeneous steel block in simple tension. The corresponding simulation results demonstrate in particular that delocalization of the model damage process also leads to minimization of mesh-dependence. For simplicity, the current formulation is restricted to the case of small strain and isothermal conditions.
This paper deals with life prediction by observation and simulation of short fatigue cracks in cyclically loaded smooth and notched specimens made of 0.15 wt-% carbon steel SAE1017. The measured crack behaviour was simulated in a microstructural environment. Reference tests under constant amplitude loading allowed to determine model parameters and hence a reasonable life prediction by simulation resulted even for service loading. Short crack behaviour was a measurable property for damage also to compare smooth and notched specimens.
Advances in the application of non-local damage models in the simulation of ductile crack-extension
(2004)
Local damage models usually have the disadvantage that results are strongly mesh dependent. The reason is that the type of the underlying partial differential equations changes under quasi-static conditions from elliptic to hyperbolic. Non-local damage models do not exhibit such behaviour under certain conditions. The usage of such non-local damage models in finite element analyses opens the possibility for preserving the ellipticity of the partial differential equations and thus avoiding mesh dependence of numerically obtained results. The loss of ellipticity for local models and its preservation for non-local models are demonstrated for a wide variety of examples enclosing ductile damage. In the present investigation, the non-local damage model is applied to the simulation of ductile crack extension in fracture mechanics specimens. The type of the underlying differential equations is permanently analysed and controlled.
Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes 1 "Analyse und Erweiterung der Einsatzgrenzen der elastisch- plastischen Bruchmechanik zu tiefen Temperaturen hin mit der Option der systematischen Nutzung von Zähigkeitspotentialen im Übergangsbereich" wurden an drei Versuchswerkstoffen bei jeweils mehreren Prüftemperaturen Serien von Risswiderstandskurven aufgenommen. Die Arbeiten dienten der quantitativen Erfassung des Übergangs vom Spaltbruch zum Gleitbruch im Bereich nahe Ta mit dem Ziel, Sicherheitsreserven des Werkstoffs in diesem Bereich ausnutzen zu können. Im Rahmen des Teilprojektes 2 "Methoden zur Extrapolation von JR-Kurven für die Vorhersage der Rissöffnungsgeometrie unter postulierten Belastungen" wurden experimentelle Untersuchungen an Rohren aus dem Werkstoff 15NiCuMoNb5 (WB36) durchgeführt. Für die Rohrbiegeversuche wurde ein Prüfstand aufgebaut, auf dem bei Raumtemperatur Vierpunkt- Biegeversuche an Rohren mit unterschiedlichen Außenumfangsfehlergeometrien durchgeführt wurden. Mit Hilfe der zerstörungsfreien Verfahren Ultraschallprüfung, Schallemissionsprüfung, Gleichstrompotentialsondenverfahren und optische Analyse wurde das Risswachstums- und Leckageverhalten unter den komplexen Bedingungen der Rohrversuche quantitativ untersucht und detailliert vergleichend ausgewertet.
In the approval procedure of transport packages for radioactive materials, the mechanical and thermal safety assessment is carried out in Germany by competent authority BAM. In recent years BAM was involved in several licensing procedures of new spent fuel and HLW package designs, where the cask body was made of Ductile Cast Iron (DCI). According to IAEA regulations package designs have to fulfill requirements for specific conditions of transport. Type B(U) packages must withstand the defined accident conditions of transport. The temperature range from -40°C up to the operational temperature has to be considered. For the cask material DCI, it is necessary to determine the brittle fracture behavior. The German guideline BAM-GGR 007 defines requirements for the fracture mechanics of DCI. Due to complex structure of the cask body and the dynamic loading a fracture mechanical assessment in an analytical kind is not always possible. Experience of recent design approval procedures show that the application of numerical calculations are applicable to determine the fracture mechanical load in the cask body. At the first step a numerical analysis has to be done to identify the loading state at the whole cask body. Secondly an analysis of a detail of the cask body is made considering the displacement boundary conditions of the global model. An artificial flaw is considered in this detailed model to calculate the fracture mechanical loading state. The finite element mesh was strongly refined in the area of flaw. The size of the artificial flaw is characterized by the ultrasonic inspection used for the quality assurance of the package. The applicant developed additional analysis tools for calculation of stress intensity factor and/or J-Integral. The assessment approach by BAM led to the decision to develop own tools to the possibility for independent check of the results.
The paper describes the authority assessment approach for the DCI fracture mechanics analysis. The validation procedure incl. the development of own tools is explained. BAM developed a post-processor called JINFEM to determine the fracture mechanical loads. The regulatory 1 m puncture bar drop test is used to give an example of the assessment procedure.
In the design approval of transport packages for radioactive materials, the mechanical and thermal safety assessment is carried out in Germany by competent authority BAM. In recent years BAM was involved in several licensing procedures of new spent fuel and HLW package designs, where the cask body is of Ductile Cast Iron (DCI). According to IAEA regulations package designs have to fulfill requirements for specific conditions of transport. Type B(U) packages must withstand the defined accident conditions of transport. The temperature range from -40°C up to the operational temperature has to be considered. For the cask material DCI, it is necessary to determine safety against brittle fracture. The German guideline BAM-GGR 007 defines requirements for fracture mechanics of packagings made of DCI. Due to complex cask body structure and the dynamic loading a fracture mechanical assessment by analytical approaches is not always possible. Experience of recent design approval procedures show that the application of numerical calculations are applicable to determine the stresses and stress intensity factors in the cask body. At the first step a numerical analysis has to be done to identify
the loading state at the whole cask body. Secondly an analysis of a detail of the cask body is made considering the displacement boundary conditions of the global model. An artificial flaw is considered in this detailed model to calculate the fracture mechanical loading state. The finite element mesh was strongly refined in the area of the flaw. The size of the artificial flaw is based on the ultrasonic inspection acceptance criteria applied for cask body manufacture. The
applicant (GNS) developed additional analysis tools for calculation of stress intensity factor and/or J-Integral. The assessment approach by BAM led to the decision to develop own tools to the possibility for independent proof of the results.
The paper describes the authority assessment approach for DCI fracture mechanics analysis. The validation procedure incl. the development of own tools is explained. BAM developed a postprocessor to determine the fracture mechanical loads. A horizontal 1 m puncture bar drop test is used to give a detailed description of the assessment procedure.