Filtern
Dokumenttyp
Schlagworte
- Boden (2)
- Chrom(VI) (2)
- Cyanide (2)
- Gadolinium (2)
- Speciation (2)
- Validierung (2)
- Abfall (1)
- Analyseverfahren (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Behandelter Bioabfall (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (6)
Evaluation of methods for the analysis of soils according to § 8 of the German Federal Soil Protection Act (BBodSchG)
The German Federal Soil Protection Act establishes the conditions for effective soil protection and remediation of contaminated sites. In the German Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance (BBodSchV) limiting values and methods for the determination of environmentally harmful substances in soils are fixed. The aim of this project was to evaluate selected methods by comparative investigations and proficiency testing schemes. New methods for the determination of inorganic and organic pollutants should be developed and compared with the existing standard
methods. Despite the widespread use of ICP-OES up to now no national or international standard is available for the determination of heavy metals in soil extracts with this analytical method. The influence of spectral and non spectral interferences on the accuracy of the results was systematically investigated, especially based on aqua regia soil extracts. Analyte concentration equivalents were determined, too. Based on these results a proposal for a standard was submitted to the corresponding working group of ISO TC 190.[...]
Validation of a European standard for the determination of hexavalent chromium in solid material
(2007)
A European standard for the determination of Cr(VI) in solid material has been elaborated in the framework of an international co-operation and finally validated in the course of an interlaboratory comparison. The procedure is based on the alkaline digestion prescribed by EPA method 3060A followed by ion chromatography and determines an operationally defined content of Cr(VI), including water-soluble and insoluble chromates. A preliminary robustness study was carried out in order to compare different extraction methodologies and to study the equivalency of different analytical methods for the determination of Cr(VI) in alkaline extracts of soil and waste materials. During an interlaboratory validation trial with 19 European laboratories a set of 4 samples (2 soil and 2 waste samples) was analysed to determine performance characteristics for different combinations of digestion and detection methods. With the procedures prescribed by the new European standard (EN 15192) acceptable results were obtained for both soil samples and one of the waste samples (sludge). However, for the second waste sample (fly ash) a large deviation in analytical results was observed. This indicates that particularly for waste materials a possible occurrence of strong matrix effects has to be considered and supplementary quality control data are needed in order to assess the validity of analytical results. The accuracy of the determination of Cr(VI) in solid matrices remains a challenging field in terms of maximum extraction efficiency and minimum species interconversion.
Die Normung von Analyseverfahren ermöglicht, dass Parameter unter standardisierten Bedingungen qualitätsgesichert ermittelt werden können. Insbesondere dann, wenn Verfahren in gesetzliche Regelwerke einfließen, ist es notwendig, dass die Ergebnisse sicher und vergleichbar sind und der Aufwand im Vollzug vertretbar ist. Derzeit werden viele Parameter in verschiedenen Verordnungen nach unterschiedlichen genormten Verfahren analysiert, was die Überwachungsarbeit erschwert und zudem unnötig teurer macht. Aus diesem Grund wir eine sogenannte horizontale Normung angestrebt, bei der geeignete Analyseverfahren auch Matrices-übergreifend genormt und anschließend EU-weit zitiert werden können. Grundvoraussetzung für die Verabschiedung als Norm ist die Validierung der Verfahren. Bereits vor einigen Jahren erteilte die EU ein Mandat an CEN (Europäisches Komitee zur Normung), um umweltrelevante Parameter Matrices-übergreifend zu validieren. Allerdings konnten nicht alle für diverse Verordnungsnovellen (z.B. Klärschlammverordnung) wichtigen Parameter im Rahmen dieses Projekts validiert werden. Aus diesem Grund wurde das aktuelle Vorhaben in den Umweltforschungsplan des BMUB aufgenommen und von der BAM durchgeführt. Im Forschungsvorhaben konnten im Bereich der anorganischen Parameter die CEN/TS 16170 (Elemente mit ICP-OES), CEN/TS 16171 (Elemente mit ICP-MS) und CEN/TS 16175-2 (Quecksilber mit CV-AFS) sowie im Bereich der organischen Parameter die CEN/TS 16181 (PAK mit HPLC und GC), die CEN/TS 16167 (PCB mit GC-MS und GC-ECD) und die CEN/TS 16190 (Dioxine, Furane und dl-PCB mit HR-GC-MS) für die Analyse von Klärschlamm, behandeltem Bioabfall und Boden erfolgreich validiert werden. Die validierten Verfahren stehen nun kurz vor der Verabschiedung als EN (Europäische Norm).
The resource-saving utilisation of recovered
waste wood is a matter of growing concern. In several
European countries, this utilisation is governed by regulations
and is dependent on the contents of certain trace
elements and organic compounds. Thus, for decisionmaking
with respect to waste wood management (recycling
or combustion), reliable analytical data are needed and, due
to their great economic and environmental impact, must be
assured by appropriate quality control. To support the
improvement in quality assurance in waste wood analysis,
for the first time, a wood reference material was certified
for its mass fractions of arsenic, cadmium, chromium,
copper, lead, mercury, and pentachlorophenol (PCP).
These analytes were selected because they represent typical
constituents of wood preservatives most widely used in the
past. Material preparation and testing of homogeneity and
stability were carried out by BAM Federal Institute for
Materials Research and Testing. The certification measurements
were performed involving selected laboratories
with documented expertise in the field of waste wood
analysis. The certified values and their corresponding
uncertainties were assigned in full compliance with the
requirements of ISO Guide 35. The certified mass fractions
and their expanded uncertainties (k/i> = 2) are as follows:
(3.1 ± 0.5) mg/kg for As, (3.02 ± 0.24) mg/kg for Cd,
(36.4 ± 2.6) mg/kg for Cr, (22.9 ± 1.7) mg/kg for Cu,
(0.60 ± 0.14) mg/kg for Hg, (39 ± 4) mg/kg for Pb, and
(7.9 ± 0.6) mg/kg for PCP. The certified material is
available as European Reference Material ERM®-CD100.
The mass fraction of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHP) from a specific batch was certified as an acidimetric standard. Two different analytical methods on a metrological level were used to carry out certification analysis: precision constant current coulometric and volumetric titration with NaOH. It could be shown that with a commercial automatic titration system in combination with a reliable software for the end-point detection it is possible to produce equivalent results with the same accuracy in comparison to a definite method handled by a fundamental apparatus for traceable precision coulometry. Prerequisite for titrations are that a high number of single measurement are applied which are calibrated with a high precision certified reference material.