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Das Projekt befasst sich mit einem neuen Ansatz, den pH-Wert im Beton zu bestimmen.
Der pH-Wert ist vor allem für Stahlbeton-Bauwerke von Bedeutung, da dieser maßgeblich die Korrosion des Stahls beeinflusst. Im frischen Beton liegt der pH-Wert im basischen Bereich.
Der Stahl ist in diesem Bereich passiviert, also vor schädlicher Korrosion geschützt. Durch die sogenannte Karbonatisierung sinkt der pH-Wert und die Korrosionswahrscheinlichkeit steigt deutlich an. Die Stabilität von Bauwerken in denen Stahlbeton verbaut ist, wird durch diese Korrosion langfristig beeinträchtigt. Allein in deutscher Infrastruktur rechnet man mit circa 5 Milliarden Euro Schaden jährlich.
Die entwickelte Methode verwendet Sonden, welche die Korrosion Monitoren sollen. Im Sondeninneren befindet sich eine Schicht pH-Indikator (Thymolblau) und eine Schicht mit Quantenpunkten. Die Quantenpunkte fluoreszieren, nach Anregung durch zum Beispiel einen Laser, bei circa 440 nm (blau) beziehungsweise 610 nm (gelb-orange). Das Thymolblau ist im basischen Milieu (pH > 9,6) blau, im neutralen Milieu (um pH 7) gelb-orange. Der Indikator wirkt wie ein Farbfilter und lässt, je nach pH-Wert, unterschiedliche Wellenlängen zur Glasfaser durch. Aus der gemessenen Intensität bei 440 nm und 610 nm kann ein Verhältnis ermittelt werden. Dieses Verhältnis lässt erkennen, welchen pH-Wert das Milieu besitzt, in dem sich die Sonde befindet.
Die entwickelte Methodik ist zerstörungsfrei, das heißt kein Material muss aus den Bauwerken entnommen werden. Vielmehr sollen die Sonden beim Betonieren in das Bauwerk eingebettet werden. Über Glasfasern können die Sonden jederzeit angesprochen werden. Dies ermöglicht permanentes pH-Monitoring, was die Früherkennung von Korrosionsgefahr verbessert und die Sanierungskosten verringert.
Increasing traffic volume on the one hand and ageing infrastructure on the other hand have created many new challenges for maintenance and structural health monitoring of roads and bridges. In the past, many bridges and road structures have been neglected, often resulting in traffic congestion, road closure, and increased repair costs.
This research is concerned with the development of a system to improve the challenge of maintenance and early detection of damage, particularly moisture penetration and corrosion of steel reinforced concrete components. The objective is to develop a method that will also work after 30 years and longer. Many new IoT solutions are equipped with internal energy storage elements (accumulators or batteries) which are inappropriate here, since most relevant signs of concrete degradation occur after decades, where the functioning of such elements are more than questionable. The presented technology approach uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) and enables connectivity to sensors. It offers the advantage of an passive, completely independent energy supply without any energy storage components.
Since the system should be permanently embedded in concrete, it is crucial to develop a long-term stable device which is adapted to the environmental influences of the structure, e.g., long-term resistance in very alkaline environment of pH 13. In numerous experiments, the robustness of the system was tested and evaluated. Various tests with encapsulations to protect the electronics were performed, and for long-term validation different concrete specimens were instrumented with RFID-sensor-systems. Their operating time is now around two years and investigations for signs of fatigue and damage to the encapsulation and the electronics are ongoing.
In this communication a novel concept for pH sensing is introduced which is specifically adapted to monitor carbonation induced corrosion in concrete structures. The method is based on a ratiometric measurement principle, exploiting the pH sensitive colour switching of thymol blue in the basic pH regime and the emissive properties of two different (Zn)CdSe/ZnS core shell quantum dots. The transition point of thymol blue in a Hydrogel D4 matrix was determined to be at around pH 11.6, which fits ideally to the intended application. Next to the fundamental spectroscopic characterization of the ratiometric response, a new design for a sensor head, suitable for the incorporation into concrete matrices is presented. Toward this, a manufacturing process was developed which includes the preparation of a double layer of polymers containing either thymol blue or a quantum dot mixture inside a porous ceramic tube. Results of a proof-of-priciple performance test of the sensor head in solutions of different pH and in cement specimens are presented, with encouraging results paving the way for future field tests in concrete.
Increasing traffic volume on the one hand and ageing infrastructure on the other hand have created many new challenges for maintenance and structural health monitoring of roads and bridges. In the past, many bridges and road structures have been neglected, often resulting in traffic congestion, road closure, and increased repair costs.
This research is concerned with the development of a system to improve the challenge of maintenance and early detection of damage, particularly moisture penetration and corrosion of steel reinforced concrete components. The objective is to develop a method that will also work after 30 years and longer. Many new IoT solutions are equipped with internal energy storage elements (accumulators or batteries) which are inappropriate here, since most relevant signs of concrete degradation occur after decades, where the functioning of such elements are more than questionable. The presented technology approach uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) and enables connectivity to sensors. It offers the advantage of an passive, completely independent energy supply without any energy storage components.
Since the system should be permanently embedded in concrete, it is crucial to develop a long-term stable device which is adapted to the environmental influences of the structure, e.g., long-term resistance in very alkaline environment of pH 13. In numerous experiments, the robustness of the system was tested and evaluated. Various tests with encapsulations to protect the electronics were performed, and for long-term validation different concrete specimens were instrumented with RFID-sensor-systems. Their operating time is now around two years and investigations for signs of fatigue and damage to the encapsulation and the electronics are ongoing.