Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (20)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (6)
- Forschungsbericht (4)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (3)
- Vortrag (1)
Schlagworte
- Geruch (14)
- Bauprodukte (12)
- Emissionen (10)
- VOC (7)
- Prozessanalytik (6)
- Raman spectroscopy (6)
- Process analytical technology (5)
- AgBB-Schema (4)
- Odour (4)
- Reaction monitoring (4)
- AbBB-Schema (3)
- Bewertung Emissionen (3)
- Hydroformylation (3)
- Kammermessungen (3)
- Odour evaluation (3)
- SVOC (3)
- Absorption (2)
- Acceptability (2)
- AgBB-Scheme (2)
- Blauer Engel (2)
- Emission test chamber (2)
- Emissionsmessungen (2)
- GC-ODP (2)
- GC/MS (2)
- Geruchstest (2)
- Hydroformylierung (2)
- Labelsysteme (2)
- Laborvergleich (2)
- Microemulsions (2)
- Normung (2)
- Odour standard of comparison (2)
- Perceived air quality (2)
- Prozess-Spektroskopie (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Thermal desorption (2)
- VVOC (2)
- Acrylic and silicone sealant (1)
- Advanced process control (1)
- AgBB (1)
- AgBB scheme (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Assessment procedure (1)
- Bauprodukt (1)
- Bewertung (1)
- Blue Angel (1)
- Building product (1)
- Building products (1)
- CCS (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CO2-Absorption (1)
- Carbon capture (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Chamber tests (1)
- Chemometrics (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Coverings (1)
- Directive (1)
- Doppelrotation (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission test (1)
- Emission tests (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emissionsmessung (1)
- Emulsions (1)
- Emuslions (1)
- Environmental sign (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Floor coverings (1)
- Flooring material (1)
- Flüchtige Emission (1)
- Gas sensor (1)
- Health assessment (1)
- Health care (1)
- Hedonic (1)
- Hydrocarbon (1)
- Innenraum (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- Kammerverfahren (1)
- Kernresonanz, magnetisch (1)
- Kohlenwasserstoff (1)
- Label (1)
- Labelling (1)
- Labelling systems (1)
- Lacquers (1)
- Material labelling (1)
- Messmethoden (1)
- Mizellen (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- Odor (1)
- Odour intensity (1)
- Odour labelling (1)
- Online NMR Spectroscopy (1)
- Online NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Online Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Online monitoring (1)
- Online-spectroscopy (1)
- Paints (1)
- Perceived Air Quality (1)
- Perceived air-quality (1)
- Perceived intensity (1)
- Perceived odour intensity (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Probenahmebehälter (1)
- Process Analytical Technology (1)
- Product labelling (1)
- Produkttypischer Geruch (1)
- Profiling (1)
- Prüfverfahren (1)
- Qualifizierung (1)
- Qualitätssicherung (1)
- Quantitative NMR spectroscopy (1)
- Quantitative NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- RAL UZ (1)
- Raman-Spektroskopie (1)
- Reaction Monitoring (1)
- Reasonability (1)
- Schadstoff (1)
- Semi volatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensor system (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Sensorsystem (1)
- Sensory evaluation (1)
- Sensory tests (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test procedure (1)
- Testing using sensors (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VOC-emission (1)
- VOCs (1)
- Very volatile organic compounds (1)
- Volatile emission (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- Winkel, magisch (1)
- Wood-based product (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- desorption control (1)
- sensory evaluation of building materials and rooms (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (1)
Normung und Standardisierung in der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung finden auf nationaler, europäischer und internationaler Ebene statt. Die Übernahme von Leitungsfunktionen in diesen Gremien erzeugt die Möglichkeit der Steuerung von Themen und Inhalten der relevanten Normen. Das persönliche Engagement der Fachexpert*innen in den nationalen Gremien und den europäischen und internationalen Arbeitsgruppen ist ein zusätzlicher Faktor für die inhaltliche Korrektheit und die inhaltliche Ausrichtung der Norm. Denn wer nicht normt, wird genormt und muss letztlich Normen anwenden, die andere entsprechend ihrer eigenen Interessen gestaltet haben. Voraussetzung für die Teilnahme in europäischen und internationalen Normungsgremien ist die Mitwirkung in den entsprechenden DINSpiegelgremien, welche die europäischen (CEN) und internationalen (ISO) Aktivitäten spiegeln und die Fachexpert*innen für die Mitarbeit autorisieren.
Auf internationaler Ebene findet die Normungsarbeit in den technischen Komitees ISO/TC 135 “Non-destructive testing” und ISO/TC 44/SC 5 “Testing and inspection of welds” und ihren Arbeitsgruppen statt. Das europäische Pendant ist das CEN/TC 138 “Zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren” mit seinen Arbeitsgremien. Die DINSpiegelgremien sind für die deutsche Mitarbeit in diesen Gremien und die inhaltliche Bewertung der Norm-Entwürfe zuständig.
Within the Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins is studied in a mini-plant, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro¬emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the high sensitivity of this multi-phase system with regard to changes in temperature and composition demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve a reliable and economic plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both online NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control. The lab-scale experiments were supported by off-line GC-analysis as a reference method.
A fiber optic coupled probe of a process Raman spectrometer was directly integrated into the reactor. 25 mixtures with varying concentrations of olefin (1-dodecene), product (n-tridecanal), water, n-dodecane, and technical surfactant (Marlipal 24/70) were prepared according to a D-optimal design. Online NMR spectroscopy was implemented by using a flow probe equipped with 1/16” PFA tubing serving as a flow cell. This was hyphenated to the reactor within a thermostated bypass to maintain process conditions in the transfer lines.
Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were established based on the initial spectra after activation of the reaction with syngas for the prediction of unknown concentrations of 1-dodecene and n-tridecanal over the course of the reaction in the lab-scale system. The obtained Raman spectra do not only contain information on the chemical composition but are further affected by the emulsion properties of the mixtures, which depend on the phase state and the type of micelles. Based on the spectral signature of both Raman and NMR spectra, it could be deduced that especially in reaction mixtures with high 1-dodecene content the formation of isomers as a competitive reaction was dominating. Similar trends were also observed during some of the process runs in the mini-plant. The multivariate calibration allowed for the estimation of reactants and products of the hydroformylation reaction in both laboratory setup and mini-plant.
Reaction monitoring in disperse systems, such as emulsions, is of significant technical importance in various disciplines like biotechnological engineering, chemical industry, food science, and a growing number other technical fields. These systems pose several challenges when it comes to process analytics, such as heterogeneity of mixtures, changes in optical behavior, and low optical activity. Concerning this, online nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for process monitoring in complex reaction mixtures due to its unique direct comparison abilities, while at the same time being non-invasive and independent of optical properties of the sample. In this study the applicability of online-spectroscopic methods on the homogeneously catalyzed hydroformylation system of 1-dodecene to tridecanal is investigated, which is operated in a mini-plant scale at Technische Universität Berlin. The design of a laboratory setup for process-like calibration experiments is presented, including a 500 MHz online NMR spectrometer, a benchtop NMR device with 43 MHz proton frequency as well as two Raman probes and a flow cell assembly for an ultraviolet and visible light (UV/VIS) spectrometer. Results of high-resolution online NMR spectroscopy are shown and technical as well as process-specific problems observed during the measurements are discussed.
Homogen katalysierte Reaktionen sind wichtige Werkzeuge der chemischen Industrie. Milde Reaktionsbedingungen und hohe Selektivitäten führen zu einer energie- und ressourcenschonenden Produktion. Ein bedeutender Prozessschritt ist die Hydroformylierung. Hier kommen Kobalt- und Rhodiumkomplexe mit mehrzähnigen Liganden zum Einsatz, die zumeist in wässriger Lösung vorliegen. Die Anwendbarkeit beschränkt sich demnach auf kurzkettige Edukte mit hinreichender Wasserlöslichkeit.
For absorption processes with fluctuating feed gas compositions it is vital to continuously adjust
the operation point to achieve energy efficiency. In this contribution a Raman-based advanced
process control (APC) is introduced for the absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) using an aqueous
solution of monoethanolamine (MEA). The APC is based on a Raman spectroscopic analysis of
the composition and CO2 load of the scrubbing liquid and a non-linear model predictive control
(NMPC) to adjust the scrubbing liquid cycle. In addition, an outer real-time optimization loop is
set in place to update the set points for the absorption process depending on the current feed gas composition minimizing the energy consumption of the process. Implementation and testing of the APC have been carried out in a mini-plant at TU Berlin. During a plant operation of more than 160 hours robustness and stability of the APC were shown.
The Collaborative Research Center InPROMPT aims to establish a novel process concept for the hydroformylation of long-chained olefins, using a rhodium complex as catalyst in the presence of syngas. Recently, the hydroformylation in micro-emulsions, which allows for the efficient recycling of the expensive rhodium catalyst, was found to be feasible. However, the temperature and concentration sensitive multi-phase system demands a continuous observation of the reaction to achieve an operational and economically feasible plant operation. For that purpose, we tested the potential of both NMR and Raman spectroscopy for process control assistance. The lab-scale experiments were supported by sampling for off-line GC-analysis as reference analytics. The results of the NMR experiments will be part of another contribution.
Hydroformylation represents an important homogeneous catalyzed process, which is widely used within chemical industry. Usually applied with simple alkenes like Propene and Butene aldehydes obtained from alkenes >C6 are relevant intermediates in production of plasticizers, surfactants and polymers. Today the active catalyst species is often based on valuable Rhodium complexes in aqueous solution. This implies the problem of limited water solubility of the reactands, which is acceptable for short chain lengths, but states a problem in case of higher alkenes. Along with that efficient separation and recycling of the catalyst becomes more complicated. There are different approaches tackling this problem, e.g., by using of salt formation in the BASF process or downstream distillation within the Shell process
Um eine gute Luftqualität in Gebäuden zu erreichen, müssen Reinigungslasten durch Lüften aus Räumen abgeführt bzw. vermieden oder verringert werden. Wird der Luftwechsel verringert, verschlechtert sich die Raumluftqualität, und die Zufriedenheit der Nutzer nimmt ab. An Arbeitsplätzen kann es bei schlechter Luftqualität und der daraus resultierenden Unzufriedenheit zu einer geringeren Produktivität der Beschäftigten kommen. Um die Reinigungslasten und deren Wirkung auf den Raumnutzer überdas Geruchsempfinden zu verringern, ist neben einer messtechnischen Erfassung der Verunreinigungen auch eine sensorische Prüfung in Innenräumen und von Bauprodukten notwendig. In diesem Artikel wird die Entwicklung der Bewertungsmethodik von Gerüchen im Innenraum erläutert und auf Anwendungen eingegangen.
In this contribution a Raman spectrometer based control structure for the heating of a desorption column is proposed. For this purpose calibration experiments for the absorption of carbon dioxide using monoethanolamine solutions are carried out and calibration models are developed to measure both carbon dioxide liquid loads and monoethanolamine mass fractions. The calibration experiments are supported by online NMR spectroscopy to accurately measure the appearance of all species in the electrolyte system. Both models are tested during the plant operation of a mini-plant for the oxidative coupling of methane and the proof of concept for the control structure is given. The Raman spectroscopy implemented in the ATEX conform mini-plant shows a reliable and robust performance being even indifferent to impurities hindering the GC analysis.
Hydroformylation in microemulsions under mild reaction conditions is investigated using a Rhodium-based catalyst yields high selectivity of 98:2 of the desired linear product. A successful mini-plant operation for over 130 hours was performed. Online concentration monitoring of the system was done using 785nm Raman spectrometer.