Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (16)
Sprache
- Englisch (16)
Schlagworte
- Clay (3)
- Epoxy resin (3)
- Low-melting glass (3)
- Flame retardancy (2)
- Adjuvantien (1)
- Allergene (1)
- Allergie (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Antibody quantification (1)
- Automated operational modal analysis (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (4)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (2)
- 6 Materialchemie (2)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (2)
- 7.2 Ingenieurbau (2)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (1)
- 1.5 Proteinanalytik (1)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (1)
- 1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik (1)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (1)
New low-melting organic–inorganic glassy polymers containing phosphorus and silicon are synthesized by the reaction between phenylphosphonic acid and methyltrichlorosilane or methyltriethoxysilane. They possess both low-softening points and high onset decomposition temperatures, which are favorable for preparing flame retardant composites. Although the glass by itself is sensitive to water, the composites are not significantly affected in that way. For glass/clay/epoxy composites glass transition temperature (Tg) as well as storage modulus increase with the glass amount. The glasses improve flame retardancy significantly due to flame inhibition and the formation of fire residue working as protection layer during burning. The total heat evolved is reduced by 23–28% for using 5–15 wt.% glass and the maximum HRR even by 5848%. The latter effect decreases with increasing glass amount due to an adulterate residue deformation. The combination of glass and clay is proposed as a possible route to enhance flame retardancy.
Due to optimised processing of epoxy based composite materials containing a low-melting organic–inorganic glass together with an organo clay, the size of the glass particles could be successfully reduced. Thus truly nano-dispersed composites were obtained, with glass particles in the range of 10 nm to 200 nm. The small particle size allowed efficient interaction of glass particles and organo clay layers. The flame retardancy as well as the thermo-mechanical properties were tested, and the results showed that the low-melting glass led to a remarkable reduction of peak heat release rate by forming an enhanced barrier layer. Nevertheless no further improvement could be achieved by lowering the particle size to the nanometre region. For good flame retardancy a microdispersion of the low-melting glass was already sufficient.
Air pollution and climate change are potential drivers for the increasing burden of allergic diseases. The molecular mechanisms by which air pollutants and climate parameters may influence allergic diseases, however, are complex and elusive. This article provides an overview of physical, chemical and biological interactions between air pollution, climate change, allergens, adjuvants and the immune system, addressing how these interactions may promote the development of allergies. We reviewed and synthesized key findings from atmospheric, climate, and biomedical research. The current state of knowledge, open questions, and future research perspectives are outlined and discussed. The Anthropocene, as the present era of globally pervasive anthropogenic influence on planet Earth and, thus, on the human environment, is characterized by a strong increase of carbon dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and combustion- or traffic-related particulate matter in the atmosphere. These environmental factors can enhance the abundance and induce chemical modifications of allergens, increase oxidative stress in the human body, and skew the immune system toward allergic reactions. In particular, air pollutants can act as adjuvants and alter the immunogenicity of allergenic proteins, while climate change affects the atmospheric abundance and human exposure to bioaerosols and aeroallergens. To fully understand and effectively mitigate the adverse effects of air pollution and climate change on allergic diseases, several challenges remain to be resolved. Among these are the identification and quantification of immunochemical reaction pathways involving allergens and adjuvants under relevant environmental and physiological conditions.
The dynamics of laser-induced plasma plume splitting is investigated using spatiotemporal plasma imaging and spectrometry in this paper. Plasma plume splitting into fast and slow components is clearly observed using plasma optical emission as time evolves. The spatial resolved plasma spectra are used to investigate the plasma species distribution, which reveals that the charged copper ions, which radiate at wavelength range 485 nm - 504 nm, are merely present in the fast component. In order to further interpret the mechanism, the pressure-dependent and laser energy-dependent plume splitting are analyzed. Based on the results, the charge separation field is proposed to explain this phenomenon. This work can be of importance for such areas as laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, laser-induced ion source formation, pulse laser deposition, film growth, and nanoscale synthesis.
This paper proposes a novel method to estimate the lateral displacement of high-rise structures under wind loads. The coefficient β(x) is firstly derived, reflecting the relation between the structural lateral dynamic displacement and the inclination angle at the height x of a structure. If the angle is small, it is the ratio between the structural fundamental mode shape and its first-order derivative without influence of external loads. Several dynamic experiments of structures are performed based on a laser remote sensing vibrometer and an inclinometer, which shows that the fundamental mode is dominated in the structural displacement response under different types of excitations. Once the coefficient β(x) is curve-fitted by measuring both the structural lateral dynamic displacement and the inclination angle synchronously, the real-time structural lateral displacement under operational conditions is estimated by multiplying the coefficient β(x) with the inclination angle. The advantage of the proposed method is that the coefficient β(x) can be identified by lateral dynamic displacement measured in high resolution by the remote sensing vibrometer, which is useful to reconstruct the displacement accurately by the inclination angle under operational conditions
A strain-based automated operational modal analysis algorithm is proposed to track the long-term dynamic behavior of a horizontal wind turbine under operational conditions.
This algorithm is firstly validated by a scaled wind turbine model, and then it is applied to the dynamic strain responses recorded from a 5 MW wind turbine system. We observed variations in the fundamental frequency and 1f, 3f excitation frequencies due to the mass imbalance of the blades and aerodynamic excitation by the tower dam or tower wake. Inspection of the Campbell diagram revealed that the adverse resonance phenomenon and Sommerfeld effect causing excessive vibrations of the wind tower.