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- 2014 (3) (entfernen)
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- Englisch (3)
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- Comparative study (1)
- Crime (1)
- Fire (1)
- Fire development (1)
- Fire investigation (1)
- Numerical modelling (1)
- Risk assessment (1)
- Safety (1)
- Smouldering fire (1)
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Brände in Wohnungen entwickeln sich heutzutage sehr schnell, weil der Anteil an brennbaren Materialien in Einrichtungsgegenständen und elektrischen Geräte in den letzten Jahren signifikant zugenommen hat. Insbesondere Brände in Kinderzimmern können sehr gefährlich sein, was mehrere Brände in Deutschland in den letzten Jahren belegen. Um die Brand- und Rauchentwicklung bei einem solchen Brand zu untersuchen, wurde ein Testraum wie ein typisches Kinderzimmer möbliert und mit 36 Thermoelementen sowie einem Druckmessgerät ausgestattet. Zusätzlich wurden Rauchmelder installiert. Der Brand wurde mittels eines Teelichts initiiert, das für ca. eine Sekunde mit einer Matratze in Kontakt gebracht wurde. Der Feuerüberschlag fand nach nur vier Minuten statt. Sowohl die Brandlast als auch die Brand- und Rauchentwicklung wurden untersucht. Vorschriften zur Brandsicherheit von Einrichtungsgegenständen, elektrischen Geräten und Spielzeugen wurden diskutiert. Ergänzend wurde der Temperaturanstieg im Brandraum unter Anwendung des Verfahrens von McCaffrey vorhergesagt.-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Fires in homes develop very fast nowadays, because the amount of
combustible materials in furniture and electrical devices has increased
significantly in recent years. Especially fires in children's
rooms can be very hazardous as several recent fires in Germany
showed. To investigate the fire and smoke development in such a fire
the test room was furnished like a typical childrens room and
equipped with 36 thermocouples and a pressure measurement device.
Also smoke detectors were installed. The fire was ignited by a small
candle which was in contact with a mattress only for one second.
Flashover occurred only after 4 minutes. The fire load and the fire and
smoke development were investigated. The fire safety regulations for
the furnishings, electrical devices and toys were discussed. Additionally
the temperature rise in the compartment was predicted according
to the method of McCaffrey.
Based on forensic evidence, a smouldering fire was observed to have occurred at a murder scene. Identification of a reasonable timeline – specifically the fire dynamics of the ignition and fire growth that occurred coincident with the death that took place – became an important focus of the criminal investigation that followed. The fire service was called when a neighbour saw a grey smoke escaping through the ventilation system of the bathrooms on the roof of the house. One flat door with elevated temperatures was found. The fire fighter who entered the flat first reported later that the flat was completely filled with smoke and all windows were closed. When the fire fighter opened the balcony door, he saw flames on the sofa that he extinguished. Then he found a body on the floor. The autopsy showed later that the victim was dead before the fire started. The police suspected that the murderer probably had deliberately set the fire to destroy evidence. One suspect had been witnessed to be in the flat approximately 2 h before the fire was detected by the neighbour. The aim of this project was to investigate how the fire most likely started and developed.
Safety measures like tunnel emergency Ventilation Systems cause high financial costs. Hence, safety measures have to be chosen with the focus on the expected reduction of the consequences like fatalities or damage on structures and in conjunction with the investments. Since 2004, the European directive EU 2004/54/EC proposes therefore the application of risk assessments. Because the EU directive provides only few legal requirements on risk assessments, the methodologies developed on this basis have large differences. After one decade of intensive research, the comparative study now highlights common aspects and differences of several methodologies.