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To determine the seasonal performance of heat pumps for energy labelling this study proposes a two-point-method that could conceivably be an alternative to the European standard EN 14825 and similar test standards such as ISO 13256. Heat pumps were tested in line with the EN 14825. The reduction of measurement points, from between five to seven (EN 14825) to only two (two-point-method), leads to 60 % savings in cost and time. It is shown that the shortened method can be used to determine the seasonal energy efficiency of heat pumps with the same degree of precision compared to EN 14825.
Test methods for heat pumps
(2020)
In order to increase the total amount of energy savings to be reached in 2020 and 2050 the German government launched a number of initiatives. One of the associated projects aims to support market surveillance authorities in the field of Ecodesign and Energy Labelling, thereby increasing confidence in these instruments. The surveillance of heating appliances is of great importance as the energy consumed by space heaters accounts for a significant share of the total energy demand in the European Union. In this study heat pumps are analyzed as a high efficiency technology and prospective candidate for large energy savings. It is focused on both validating the current measurement standards for heat pumps and further developing these methods for the benefit of market surveillance authorities.
The test method standards, EN 14511 and EN 14825, for testing heat pumps regarding their performance and energy efficiency are validated by conducting round robin tests in independent and accredited test laboratories. Based on these tests the reproducibility and repeatability of the standardized test methods and the laboratories in Europe are assessed.
Identifying deficiencies in the methods is a fundamental step towards a sustained improvement process. Optimization proposals will be developed based on these fundamental investigations and brought to the attention of standardization bodies.
It was figured out that the currently used test methods exhibit high complexity, high financial effort and reveal significant deviations of testing results depending on whether they were determined under laboratory or field test conditions.
New testing and calculation methodologies are developed to simplify the process with the aim to increase the accuracy and affordability of the energy efficiency testing of heat pumps.
The European Standards EN14511 and EN14825 are representing standardized procedures for testing the energy efficiency of heat pumps and air conditioners with electrically driven compressors for both space heating and cooling. In this study, these standards are analyzed and validated. It was figured out that the currently used methods implicate high complexity and high financial effort. In order to clarify the circumstances and to identify the deficits more in detail, a round robin test with independent and accredited laboratories was initiated. The aim is to develop an optimized test procedure that improves the feasibility of the testing procedure and finally its application. This study should lead to a repeatable and reproducible testing procedure, which is also compatible with the state of the art in heat pump technology and real operation conditions.
The growing market penetration of heat pumps indicates the need for a performance test method that better reflects the dynamic behavior of heat pumps. In this contribution, we developed and implemented a dynamic test method for the evaluation of the seasonal performance of heat pumps by means of laboratory testing. Current standards force the heat pump control inactive by fixing the compressor speed. In contrast, during dynamic testing, the compressor runs unfixed while the heat pump is subjected to a temperature profile. The profile consists of the different outdoor temperatures of a typical heating season based on the average European climate and also includes temperature changes to reflect the dynamic behavior of the heat pump. The seasonal performance can be directly obtained from the measured heating energy and electricity consumption making subsequent data interpolation and recalculation with correction factors obsolete. The method delivers results with high precision and high reproducibility and could be an appropriate method for a fair rating of heat pumps.