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Im Rahmen des DBU-Verbundprojektes „Dekontaminierng von Biozid-belasteten Kulturgütern mittels Plasma und Laser (DekoPla)“ wurde durch den Einsatz von kurz- und ultrakurz gepulsten Lasern eine Oberflächenreinigung und eine Chlorabreicherung von mit Hylotox 59 behandelten Holzoberflächen angestrebt. Probenmaterial wurde freundlicherweise vom Schlossmuseum in Sonderhausen zur Verfügung gestellt. Es handelt sich dabei um kontaminiertes Altholz mit natürlicher Biozidalterung. Darüber hinaus weisen die einst als Gemälderückseitenschutz und Originalbauteil der „Goldenen Kutsche“ fungierenden Prüfkörper leichte Verschmutzungen auf den Oberflächen auf. Das Holzschutzmittel Hylotox 59 beinhaltet die Wirkstoffe DDT (Dichlor-Diphenyl-Trichlorethan) und Lindan. DDT ist an den Holzoberflächen als mikrokristalline Ausblühung präsent. Zur Beurteilung des Erfolges des Lasereinsatzes wurde vor und nach der Laserbehandlung am gleichen Ort auf der Probenoberfläche ein Chlornachweis mittels Röntgenfluoreszenzanalytik (RFA) erbracht. Aus der Differenz der Chlorsignale und mit einer entsprechenden Normierung wird auf die Chlorabreicherung geschlossen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Messungen werden in Chlorverteilungsbildern veranschaulicht. Darüber hinaus erfolgte eine Dokumentation mit lichtmikroskopischen Aufnahmen.
Many wooden artworks are contaminated by DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) as a result of a surface treatment by means of Hylotox-59©. The liquid preservative was used until the end of the 80s. DDT crystal structures are formed on the wood surfaces by the "blooming" of chlorine compounds. Contaminated waste wood with natural biocide ageing, gilded and wood carved elements of an old picture frame and wooden samples with paint layers were provided by the Schlossmuseum Sondershausen.
The removal of DDT was evaluated employing femtosecond and nanosecond laser radiation and cold atmospheric plasma technique using different working gases (air, nitrogen, and argon).
Before laser application, a chlorine measurement is done by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis as reference. After laser processing, the XRF analysis is used again at the same surface position to determine depletion rates. Additionally, a documentation and characterization of the sample surface is done before and after laser and plasma treatment using optical microscopy. For plasma processing with various systems a chlorine measurement is done by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis.
For laser treatment a depletion of the chlorine concentration of 55-70% and 75% was achieved for 1064-nm nanosecond pulses and 800-nm femtosecond pulses, respectively. For the application of 30-fs laser pulses, no crystalline DDT residues remain on the sample surfaces. This holds also for the plasma processing with nitrogen as working gas.
Many wooden artworks are contaminated by DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) as a result of a surface treatment by means of the liquid preservative Hylotox-59©. It was used until the end of the 1980s. DDT crystal structures are formed on the wood surfaces by the "blooming" of chlorine compounds. In addition to an aesthetic disturbance, it is assumed that DDT represents a health risk. Even decades after applying, the toxins in the wood preservatives are still detectable because they are of low volatility in many wood samples. Contaminated waste wood with natural biocide ageing, gilded and wood carved elements of an old picture frame and wooden samples with paint layers were provided by the Schlossmuseum Sondershausen. Non-contact procedures using laser and plasma appear reasonable to remove the DDT crystals. During the experiments, health and safety issues for the operator have to be taken into account.
The removal of DDT was evaluated employing femtosecond and nanosecond laser radiation and cold atmospheric plasma techniques with different working gases (air, nitrogen, and argon). Before laser application, a chlorine measurement representing the DDT density on the wooden surface is done by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis as reference. After laser processing, the XRF analysis is used again at the same surface position to determine the depletion rate. Additionally, a documentation and characterization of the sample surface is performed before and after laser and plasma treatment using optical microscopy (OM). For plasma processing with various systems a chlorine measurement is done by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GCMS) analysis.