Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
Referierte Publikation
- ja (78) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Sewage sludge ash (23)
- Phosphorus recovery (13)
- Phosphorus (12)
- Sewage sludge (8)
- Fertilizer (7)
- Thermochemical treatment (7)
- Wastewater (5)
- Soil (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- Aluminium phosphate (3)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (3)
- Klärschlammasche (3)
- Phosphor (3)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (3)
- Raman microspectroscopy (3)
- Recycling fertilizer (3)
- Struvite (3)
- Urban mining (3)
- X-ray diffraction (3)
- XANES spectroscopy (3)
- Ash (2)
- Bioavailability (2)
- Chromium (2)
- Critical raw materials (2)
- Fertilzer (2)
- Heavy metal evaporation (2)
- Heavy metal removal (2)
- Incinerator ash (2)
- Klärschlamm (2)
- Leaching (2)
- Mercury (2)
- P-Düngemittel (2)
- P-recovery (2)
- Phosphorus recycling (2)
- Plant availability (2)
- Rare earth elements (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Recovery potential (2)
- Reducing conditions (2)
- Ressource (2)
- Scandium (2)
- Adsorption (1)
- Aerodynamic levitation (1)
- Agronomic performance (1)
- AlPO4 (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminum phosphate (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Arc furnace (1)
- Ash treatment (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Ashes (1)
- BOFS (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Bauxite residue (1)
- Beta-christobalite structure type (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Bottom ash (1)
- Building and Construction (1)
- By-product (1)
- CaNaPO4 (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical extraction methods (1)
- Chemical extraction tests (1)
- Chemical stabilization of high-temperature forms (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chromium recovery (1)
- Chromium speciation (1)
- Circular economy (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Computer Science Applications (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Cristobalite form (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- Deep ultraviolet (DUV) Raman microspectroscopy (1)
- Demonstrationsanlage (1)
- Denitrification rate (1)
- Design of experiments (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- EBPR (1)
- Education (1)
- Electric arc furnace dust (1)
- Elemental analysis (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- Extraction (1)
- FT-IR gas analysis (1)
- Far-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fertiliser (1)
- Fertilizers (1)
- Fluorescence lamps (1)
- Fly ash (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- Glycogen (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- HF (1)
- Hazardous waste (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Heavy metal chloride (1)
- Heavy metal elimination (1)
- Hg distribution (1)
- High-alloyed steel (1)
- High-cristobalite form (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- Hydrofluorination (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1)
- Incinerator (1)
- Incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures (1)
- Information Systems (1)
- Infrared (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Internal substrate (1)
- Iron (1)
- Klärschlammaschen (1)
- Library and Information Sciences (1)
- Low-temperature-conversion (1)
- MBR (1)
- MSWI fly ash (1)
- Matrix dependencies (1)
- Mercury selenide (HgSe) (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metal fluorides (1)
- Microspectroscopy (1)
- Microwave-assisted digestion (1)
- Mid-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Mineral phases (1)
- Mineralische Phasen (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Mono-incineration (1)
- Multidisciplinary (1)
- Municipal sewage sludge (1)
- NE-Metalle (1)
- NPK fertilizer (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Nanochrystalline AlPO4 (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Nonferrous metals (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Oxide melts (1)
- P fertilizer (1)
- P recycling (1)
- P sink method (1)
- P solubility (1)
- P speciation (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- P-fertilizer (1)
- P-fractionation (1)
- P-plant-availability (1)
- Phase formation (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phoshorrückgewinnung (1)
- Phoshpor availability (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphate dynamics (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphate recovery (1)
- Phosphate-bearing mineral phases (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus compounds (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus plant-availability (1)
- Phosphorus speciation (1)
- Phosphorus-fertiliser (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Plant growth experiments (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polyvinylchloride (PVC) (1)
- Post-denitrification (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Recycling fertilizers (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Red mud (1)
- Reductive melting (1)
- Resource Recovery (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Rostaschen (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Selective Chlorination (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Selenium (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (SSA) (1)
- Sewage sludge disposal (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Slag (1)
- Slag treatment (1)
- Sodium sulfate (1)
- Soil testing (1)
- Solubility in ammonium citrate (1)
- Stabilization of high-temperature phase at RT (1)
- Stacking disorder (1)
- Statistics and Probability (1)
- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Synchrotron infrared microspectroscopy (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Thermochemische Stofftrennung (1)
- Thermodynamic simulation (1)
- Thermogravimetry/FT-IR (1)
- Tridymite (1)
- Tridymite form (1)
- Ultraviolet (1)
- VOC (1)
- Verfahrensentwicklung (1)
- Waste (1)
- Wertstoffrückgewinnung (1)
- Whitlockite-to-buchwaldite transformation (1)
- Wood ash (1)
- X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- XANES (1)
- XRD (1)
- Yttrium (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- soil (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (35)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (35)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (7)
- 6 Materialchemie (3)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (3)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (3)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (2)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (2)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (2)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (1)
Paper des Monats
- ja (3)
Sugarcane bagasse is commonly combusted to generate energy. Unfortunately, recycling strategies rarely consider the resulting ash as a potential fertilizer. To evaluate this recycling strategy for a sustainable circular economy, we characterized bagasse ash as a fertilizer and measured the effects of co-gasification and co-combustion of bagasse with either chicken manure or sewage sludge: on the phosphorus (P) mass fraction, P-extractability, and mineral P phases. Furthermore, we investigated the ashes as fertilizer for soybeans under greenhouse conditions. All methods in combination are reliable indicators helping to assess and predict P availability from ashes to soybeans. The fertilizer efficiency of pure bagasse ash increased with the ash amount supplied to the substrate. Nevertheless, it was not as effective as fertilization with triple-superphosphate and K<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, which we attributed to lower P availability. Co-gasification and co-combustion increased the P mass fraction in all bagasse-based ashes, but its extractability and availability to soybeans increased only when co-processed with chicken manure, because it enabled the formation of readily available Ca-alkali phosphates. Therefore, we recommend co-combusting biomass with alkali-rich residues to increase the availability of P from the ash to plants.
Fused cement clinker can be produced from molten basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) by way of a reductive thermochemical treatment. During the thermochemical treatment, oxidic iron is reduced to metallic iron and separated. The resulting low-iron slag has a chemical and mineralogical composition similar to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) clinker. In this study, the hydraulic reactivity of the fused clinker from BOFS with and without gypsum was investigated using isothermal calorimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, in situ X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, a synthetic fused clinker without foreign ions and fused clinker produced by a mixture of both materials was studied. The hydraulic reaction of the fused clinker from BOFS was considerably slower than that of OPC. However, the reaction can be accelerated by adding gypsum as a sulfate carrier. Furthermore, the results showed an increased reaction rate with decreasing content of foreign ions such as Fe, P or Mn.
Re-melting of scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF) results in the accumulation of filter dust from off-gas treatment that predominantly consists of iron and zinc oxides. Filter dust is classified as hazardous waste due to its high contents of potentially toxic or ecotoxic elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd, and As. A promising processing route for this waste is selective chlorination, in which the non-ferrous metal oxides are chlorinated and selectively evaporated in form of their respective chlorides from the remaining solids via the process gas flow. Here, we investigate stepwise thermochemical treatment of EAF dust with either waste iron(II) chloride solution or hydrochloric acid at 650, 800, and 1100 ◦C. The Zn and Pb contents of the thermochemically processed EAF dust could be lowered from 29.9% and 1.63% to 0.09% and 0.004%, respectively. Stepwise heating allowed high separation between zinc chloride at the 650 ◦C step and sodium-, potassium-, and lead-containing chlorides at higher temperatures. Furthermore, the lab-scale results were transferred to the use of an experimental rotary kiln highlighting the possibilities of upscaling the presented process. Selective chlorination of EAF dust with liquid chlorine donors is, therefore, suggested as a potential recycling method for Zn-enriched steelworks dusts.
The sequence of reactions accompanying the thermochemical treatment of an iron- and aluminium-bearing sewage sludge ash was ascertained by investigating two systematic series of samples. The ash was thermochemically treated in a lab-scale rotary furnace after mixing it with a chlorine-donor, either CaCl2 or MgCl2. Within each of these two sample series only a single process parameter, the reaction temperature, was varied, namely between 350 and 1050°C. It was found, that among the numerous crystalline phases present in the raw ash only quartz and hematite continue to exist after thermochemical treatments carried out at 1050°C, whereas all other components undergo at least one decomposition-recrystallization cycle. Some of the components re-crystallize even several times. It was proved that the restructuring of the calcium- and phosphorus-bearing mineral phases proceeds via the formation of chlorspodioside, Ca2PO4Cl. The influence of the type of chlorine-donor on the final product was elucidated in detail and - to the best of our knowledge - for the first time crystalline AlPO4 was found in a sewage sludge ash and its decomposition was investigated, too.
Ressourcen aus Abfall
(2012)
Die Beseitigung unbehandelter Abfälle auf Deponien gehört der Vergangenheit an, nicht nur weil Verordnungen diese Praxis verbieten, sondern auch, weil wegen steigender Preise für Rohstoffe und sinkender Gehalte in Erzen auch in Abfällen nach Alternativen gesucht wird. In den Aschen aus Hausmüllverbrennungsanlagen können mit einfachen Verfahren Metalle zurückgewonnen werden. Mit dem Phosphor aus Klärschlammaschen können Düngemittel hergestellt und so natürliche Ressourcen geschont werden. In beiden Fällen ist die Anreicherung der Wertstoffe durch den Verbrennungsprozess vorteilhaft, da die Effizienz von Recyclingprozessen stark von der Konzentration im Ausgangsgut abhängig ist.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Disposal of untreated waste has come to end due to new legislation in this field. Furthermore as a response to increasing prices for primary raw materials and decreasing ore concentrations products from waste treatment display a source for secondary raw materials. Elemental metals can be easily separated from municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash. Fertilizers can be produced using phosphate from sewage sludge ashes thus preserving natural resources. In both cases the enrichment taking place in the incineration process facilitates the resource recovery, because the efficiency of recycling processes is dependent on the concentration of the input material.
Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of nutrients most important phosphorus (P) but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two steps thermal treatment is suggested based on 1. mono-incineration of sewage sludge under destruction of organic pollutants and 2. thermochemical treatment of the resulting ashes to remove heavy metals and increase P-bioavailability. The targeted products are marketable P-fertilisers. The thermochemical treatment was investigated in a gas tight lab-scale rotary furnace. Seven sewage sludge ashes of different origin and composition and one residue from gasification of sewage sludge were mixed with a chlorine donor (e.g. MgCl2) and thermochemically treated under systematic variation of operational parameters. The distributions of the heavy metals between solid and gas phase were determined. The heavy metals concentrations of the treated ashes met the legislative limits in most cases. The products from thermochemical treatment are suited raw materials for P-fertiliser production. Relevant process parameters such as temperature, type and concentration of Cl-donor and retention time were optimised for the thermochemical treatment step.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all living organisms and cannot be replaced. Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of phosphorus, but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two-step thermal treatment is suggested, including mono-incineration of sewage sludge and subsequent thermochemical treatment of the ashes. Organic pollutants are completely destroyed by mono-incineration. The resulting sewage sludge ashes contain P, but also heavy metals. P in the ashes exhibits low bioavailability, a disadvantage in farming. Therefore, in a second thermochemical step, P is transferred into mineral phases available for plants, and heavy metals are removed as well. The thermochemical treatment was investigated in a laboratory-scale rotary furnace by treating seven different sewage sludge ashes under systematic variation of operational parameters. Heavy metal removal and the increase of the P-bioavailability were the focus of the investigation. The present experimental study shows that these objectives have been achieved with the proposed process. The P-bioavailability was significantly increased due to the formation of new mineral phases such as chlorapatite, farringtonite and stanfieldite during thermochemical treatment.
Phosphorus recycling from sewage sludge will be obligatory in Germany from 2029. Phosphorus content determination in sewage sludge is crucial to assess the prescribed recycling rates. Currently, German law regards sample preparation using aqua regia digestion in a microwave or under reflux conditions as well as instrumental phosphorus determination by ICP-OES, ICP-MS, or photometric determination with ammonium molybdate as equivalent. However, it is questionable whether these methods are indeed equivalent regarding phosphorus quantification in sludges near the limit of 20 g/kg for mandatory recycling. To answer this question, 15 sewage sludges of 11 different wastewater treatment plants were investigated with all permitted method (digestion and measurement) combinations. Moreover, one sewage sludge was also examined in an interlaboratory comparison (ILC) with 28 participants. This study shows that the above-mentioned methods differ in some cases significantly but across all method combinations and sludges, phosphorus recovery was between 80 and 121% after normalization to the grand mean (average of 15 sludges between 85 and 111%). The ILC and the examination of 15 sludges produced largely similar results. There is a tendency to higher phosphorus recovery after microwave digestion compared to reflux digestion and ICP-OES measurements determine higher phosphorus contents than ICP-MS and photometric phosphorus determination. As a result, the authors recommend ICP-OES determination of phosphorus in sewage sludge after microwave digestion.