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Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (90)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (90)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (8)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (6)
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Paper des Monats
- ja (3)
In dem Projekt soll die vollständige Wiederverwertbarkeit der Schlacke und ihrer Bestandteile demonstriert werden. Dazu gehören die vollständige Rückgewinnung der metallischen Phase, die in die Edelstahlherstellung zurückgeführt werden kann, sowie die Aufwertung der mineralischen Fraktion, die ihre uneingeschränkte Verwendung als Zementzumahlstoff oder mineralischer Baustoff erlaubt. Bei geeigneter Prozessführung des elektrischen Lichtbogenofens können durch „reduzierendes Schmelzen“ die chromhaltigen Wertstoffe zusammen mit anderen Schwermetallen zu 97% in einer Metalllegierung angereichert und separiert werden. Diese kann als Rohstoff in der Metallurgie eingesetzt werden. Der Chromgehalt der mineralischen Komponte der Schlacke konnte von ca. 3% auf unter 0,1% verringert werden. Die mineralische Fraktion lässt sich durch entsprechende Zuschläge während des Schmelzbetriebes und eine anschließende Granulation der schmelzflüssigen Phase zu einem Material aufwerten, das in seiner Zusammensetzung und seinen Eigenschaften typischen Zementkomponenten entspricht und als Rohstoff in der Zementproduktion eingesetzt werden kann. Dafür müssen allerdings noch die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen geschaffen werden, da der Rohstoffeinsatz gerade im Zement strengen Auflagen unterliegt und die Zemente bestimmte Normen erfüllen müssen.
Durch die in RECARC aufgezeigte Möglichkeit der Wiederverwertung können somit Stoffkreisläufe geschlossen werden, die ansonsten zu einem Verlust wertvoller Rohstoffe führen. Vor allem die steigenden Rohstoffkosten, aber auch die immer stärker limitierten CO2-Emissionen zeigen die hohe Relevanz im Umgang mit metallurgischen Reststoffen. Eine Überführung des in RECARC demonstrierten Verfahrens in die Industrie könnte einen wichtigen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Schonung der natürlichen Ressourcen und der Umwelt leisten.
Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of nutrients most important phosphorus (P) but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two steps thermal treatment is suggested based on 1. mono-incineration of sewage sludge under destruction of organic pollutants and 2. thermochemical treatment of the resulting ashes to remove heavy metals and increase P-bioavailability. The targeted products are marketable P-fertilisers. The thermochemical treatment was investigated in a gas tight lab-scale rotary furnace. Seven sewage sludge ashes of different origin and composition and one residue from gasification of sewage sludge were mixed with a chlorine donor (e.g. MgCl2) and thermochemically treated under systematic variation of operational parameters. The distributions of the heavy metals between solid and gas phase were determined. The heavy metals concentrations of the treated ashes met the legislative limits in most cases. The products from thermochemical treatment are suited raw materials for P-fertiliser production. Relevant process parameters such as temperature, type and concentration of Cl-donor and retention time were optimised for the thermochemical treatment step.
Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of nutrients most important phosphorus (P) but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two steps thermal treatment based on 1. mono-incineration of sewage sludge under destruction of organic pollutants and 2. thermochemical treatment of the resulting ashes to remove heavy metals and increase P-bioavailability is suggested by the authors. The process aims at P-fertilisers production from sewage sludge. Seven sewage sludge ashes of different origin and composition and one residue from gasification of sewage sludge were thermochemically treated. The raw ashes were mixed with a chlorine donor (e.g. MgCl2) and thermally treated in a gas tight lab-scale rotary furnace. The distributions of the heavy metals between solid and gas phase were determined. The heavy metals concentrations of the treated ashes matched the legislative limits in most cases. The products from thermochemical treatment are suited raw materials for P-fertiliser production. Relevant process parameters such as temperature, type and concentration of Cl-donor and retention time were optimised for the thermochemical treatment step.