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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (43)
Das polnische Bergbauinstitut GIG richtet alle zwei Jahre eine Fachtagung mit dem Thema „Sicherheit bei Sprengarbeiten“ im kleinen Bergstädtchen Ustroń (Polen) aus. Die Tagung hat eine internationale Ausrichtung und bietet Vorträge und Themen sowohl in englischer als auch polnischer Sprache. Es werden Ergebnisse anwendungsorientierter Forschung sowie aus der Praxis der Sprengarbeit vorgestellt. Teilnehmer und Beiträge kommen sowohl von großen Bergbaubetrieben und in Polen tätigen Herstellern als auch von Instituten und Behörden. Im Jahr 2018 war auch die BAM vertreten und der Autor möchte hiermit von den vielfältigen Themen berichten. Es gibt eine gewisse Ähnlichkeit zu der jährlich in Siegen stattfindenden „Informationstagung Sprengtechnik“ des Deutschen Sprengverbandes, wobei bisher wenig inhaltlicher Austausch stattfindet.
During a European convention of the authorities for market surveillance (AdCO) for explosives the activities of the notified bodies are presented, putting a focus on matters concerning market surveillance.
The presentation outlined in detail, which verifications are possible
with explosives, while practical tests involving initiation of
explosives are excluded. Elements of labeling and the conclusions in
view of quality control were explained, and typical failures by
manufacturers to comply were orally described.
A joint Round Robin test was initiated by the "explosives testing user group" involving all renowned test institutions of the USA plus The Netherlands (TNO) and Germany (BAM). Aim of the Round Robin test was not only to align results with regard to the friction sensitivity of a given powder sample, but also to study the variations of GO and NO-GO reactions by high speed camera recordings.
This is a short review on ongoing work and interests in Division 2.6 of BAM with a focus on transport regulations and related testing. The behaviour of primer caps in different packaging configurations is addressed and the new apparatus for the "Minimum Burning Pressure" test is presented. Further topics regarding classification are touched with the aim to attract comments and stimulate cooperation internationally.
Bericht von der Tätigkeit der benannten Stellen für Explosivstoffe, neue Normungsprojekte bei CEN
(2018)
Es sollen von der EU über CEN neue Normungsprojekte lanciert werden, die sich mit elektronischen Funk- und Fernzündsystemen in der Sprengtechnik und mit den speziellen Anforderung an vor-Ort hergestellte Sprengstoffe mit entsprechenden mobilen Produktionseinheiten befassen. Hierzu ist die Mitwirkung der Industrie und der Anwender gefordert, damit die Normen technische Fragen adäquat abdecken. Ziel ist letztlich die Harmonisierung vor der Explosivstoffrichtlinie 2014/28/EU. In diesem Zuge wird über die Tätigkeit der benannten Stellen für Explosivstoffe berichtet.
This report is a literature review of the current state of knowledge of fireworks
and fireworks hazards. It presents work to meet Deliverables D4-1 (types and compositions
of fireworks Articles), D4-2 (Functioning mechanism of and between fireworks
articles), D4-3 (Storage and transport regulations in EU countries) and D4-4 (The effect
of fireworks on health and the environment) of the CHAF work program.
Firework compositions are discussed in the first section. This leads to an understanding
of the variability in performance of various types of fireworks. Compositions
used in report effects are highlighted as being the most energetic while other compositions
are seen as providing a much lesser hazard in mass storage of fireworks. Individual
types of firework are examined. Large devices such as report shells are identified as
posing the largest hazard in bulk storage. Lesser, but still significant, hazards are predicted
for similar compositions in Roman candles and rockets. Gradations in hazard are
identified corresponding to UN hazard divisions 1.1, 1.3 and 1.4.
The second section reports the literature relating to the functioning mechanism of
and between fireworks articles. In this the major propagation mechanisms for fireworks
compositions are examined. The main stimuli identified are: fragment impact, heat and
shock wave, each of which can lead to the functioning of pyrotechnic composition in
the article or in an adjacent article leading to large-scale initiation. Consideration of the
pyrotechnic compositions leads to a different ranking for the three mechanisms with different
fireworks types. Thus with a report composition containing a metal/perchlorate
mixture shock initiation is seen to be the main propagation mechanism. Such a mechanism
is likely to afford a mass explosion. At a lesser hazard, blackpowder-based compositions
are reported to be more likely to propagate via a flame mechanism. This is less
likely to produce a mass explosion.
National legislation concerning the storage of fireworks for many European countries
is considered in the third section. Many of the national regulations are based on a
cube root of explosives content to determine "safety distances", often written as Q1/3.
Different multiplying factors are then applied depending on the type of adjacent site
(production buildings, residential housing, roads etc.). Commonly 22Q1/3 is used for residential
dwellings. Special provisions are enacted in many countries either to allow
lesser distances or in some cases to increase the safety distances depending on the
perceived hazard or extenuating circumstances.
The final section deals with the environmental hazards posed by the use of
fireworks. Toxic effects of the materials used in the manufacture and the likely reaction
products from functioning fireworks are highlighted. These range from heavy metal
poisoning from metals present for their colour effect to respiratory problems due to
pyrotechnic fume (both particulate and gaseous). Finally, noise pollution is considered.
While there is a short term problem from pyrotechnic fume at times of high usage
(national celebrations) there is no literature evidence, as yet, of long term detriment to
the environment.
This is the first part (Deliverable 6-1) of workpackage 6 (WP6) in the framework of a research project funded by the European Community on the "Quantification and control of the hazards associated with the transport and bulk storage of fireworks" which was given the acronym CHAF. The work in this package aims to characterize selected packaged fireworks in standard UN classification tests by measuring the physical conditions (temperature, pressure, radiation, etc.), acting during testing and to use the results to provide benchmark data for the rest of the CHAF project. The objective of Deliverable 6-1 was to identify the types of fireworks that should be used for the benchmarking tests. This was achieved by developing the information generated in the literature review for the project (WP4). A critical element of the work was to attempt to identify fireworks close to the boundaries between different UN Hazard Divisions so that the accuracy of the UN classification assignments, as applied to fireworks, could be tested. This document outlines the types of fireworks selected for benchmark testing and the rationale behind the selection. Having identified the fireworks required a way forward to identify suitable suppliers is given.
The aim of this study is to quantify how much a real Fallhammer deviates from the idealised functioning, and what the differences between different Fallhammers in different laboratories are. Such a comparison has never been done and data have not been collected in a consistent way. Further it is the aim to develop guidance on the mechanical properties of the Fallhammer, which can be used for internal quality control, validation of the correct functioning of the Fallhammer, and preparation of Round-Robin tests. An established and verified mechanical status of a Fallhammer would greatly improve the quality and comparability of results and Round-Robin tests on the impact sensitivity of explosives.