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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (12)
Since semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including biocides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), occur indoors as well as outdoors, air sampling adsorbents and measuring methods for all these compounds are indispensable. This paper presents the initial steps in the development of such a method, the aim of which is the analysis of selected compounds in the above-mentioned classes using low air sampling volumes and air-exchange rates close to zero, as is common in museum showcases. For measurements under easily controlled conditions, a micro-chamber system was used at different temperatures. A surface modified styrene divinylbenzene (SDVB) polymer was selected as the air sampling adsorbent for the elution experiments. After successfully performing pretests using the micro-chamber system with target compound solutions, the emissions of these compounds from self-soaked wood samples and con-taminated wood samples were investigated for method development.
In den letzten Jahren ist der Markt für Grobspanplatten (engl.: Oriented Strand Boards, OSB) zum Einsatz beim Hausbau gewachsen. Die Platten werden in Deutschland und Europa hauptsächlich aus Kiefernholz hergestellt und finden Verwendung in Bodenbelägen, Decken und Wänden. Durch ihren Einsatz kann es zu gesundheitlichen Beschwerden, wie Geruchsbelästigungen oder Schleimhautreizungen, kommen. Die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) hat im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes (UBA) ein Forschungsvorhaben zu Emissionen aus Holz und Holzwerkstoffen durchgeführt. In Emissionsprüfkammern wurden unter anderem Proben von sechs OSB-Platten aus Baumärkten untersucht und ihre VOC-Emissionen (engl.: Volatile Organic Compounds, VOC) gemessen. Vier dieser Platten von drei verschiedenen Herstellern würden die Anforderungen des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten (AgBB) nicht einhalten. Größtes Problem hierbei sind die ungesättigten Aldehyde. Der Einsatz von Antioxidantien während der Produktion kann helfen, ungewollte Emissionen deutlich zu reduzieren.
Correlation of aldehyde emissions and fatty acids content in pine wood and oriented strand boards
(2011)
Indoor air quality is important for human health and comfort. To ensure good indoor air quality contamination by volatile organic compounds (VOC) should be minimised. The aim of the project is the reduction of unsaturated aldehydes which can emit from oriented Strand boards (OSB): These aldehydes have an impact on the health based evaluation of emissions from products for indoor use according to the AgBB (Ausschuss zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten, Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products) scheine (AgBB 2010). The model OSB were produced in a pilot plant using well known raw materials (Pinus sylvestris at different trunk heights) under using various processing parameters (Wilke et al. 2011).
OSB emit predominantly monoterpenes and aldehydes. Aldehydes are oxidation products of fatty acids in wood. The conditions which affect the oxidation process are the fatty acid concentration and composition, the oxygen content, the sample surface and the presence of compounds which indicate, inhibit or stop the oxidation respectively. The oxidation rate rises with an increasing number of double bounds in the fatty acid, e.g. the oxidation rate between oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid correspond to 1:12:24. One of the most important products of fatty acid oxidation is hexanal. It is generated during the oxidation of linoleic acid. This study shows a direct correlation between aldehyde emission and oxidation, hexanal can be used as an indicator for oxidation.