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Bauteile bzw. Tragwerke aus Hochleistungsbetonen müssen in der Regel gegen brandinduzierte Abplatzungen mit geeigneten Maßnahmen geschützt werden, um einen ausreichenden Feuerwiderstand im Brandfall zu gewährleisten. Die bisher wirtschaftlich und technologisch sinnvollste Methode zur Verhinderung von explosionsartigen Betonabplatzungen im Brandfall ist die Zugabe von Polypropylen-Fasern. Die Wirksamkeit der Fasern konnte zwar empirisch gezeigt werden, es stellt sich allerdings die Frage, welche Mechanismen zur Verhinderung der Abplatzungen führen. Der vorliegende Beitrag fasst bisherige Theorien zur Wirkungsweise von Polypropylen-Fasern in brandbeanspruchten Hochleistungsbetonen zusammen und stellt eine innovative Methodologie zur Erforschung der mikrostrukturellen Prozesse vor. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die nach dem Schmelzen und Zersetzen der Polypropylen-Fasern frei werdenden Mikrokanäle durch eine gleichzeitig einsetzende Mikrorissbildung netzartig verbunden werden. Die Mikrorissbildung ermöglicht somit den Abbau von Eigen- und Zwangsspannungen im Beton (mechanischer Effekt) und die Entstehung eines Transportwegesystems für den ausströmenden Wasserdampf (Permeationseffekt).--------------------------------------------------------------------------- Structural members and bearing structures of high performance concrete generally have to be protected against explosive spalling due to fire exposure to guarantee a sufficient fire resistance. Up to now, the economically and technologically most worthwhile method to prevent explosive spalling is the addition of polypropylene fibres. Though the effectiveness of the fibres could be shown empirically, the mechanisms preventing explosive spalling are still debatable. The present article summarizes the existing theories concerning the mode of action of polypropylene fibres in fire exposed high performance concretes and presents an innovative methodology for analysing the micro structural processes. The results show that due to the thermal decomposition of the polypropylene fibres micro channels are created and simultaneously connected due to a netlike micro crack formation. This enables the relief of internal stresses (mechanical effect) and the formation of a permeable transport system for the escaping water vapour (permeation effect).
Though, concrete in general is a non-combustible building material, modern High Performance Concrete (HPC) is very susceptible to violent explosive spalling during a fire attack. This requires protective measures for fire safety design of concrete structures. The current most worthwhile method to prevent explosive spalling is the addition of monofilament Polypropylene fibres (PP-fibres). However, since it has become common knowledge that PP-fibres are suitable for fire safety design, a variety of theories concerning the mode of action of PP-fibres have been suggested. The present article summarizes the most important hypothesis and presents an innovative method for the analysis of micro structural processes in heated specimens. The results show that due to the thermal decomposition of PP-fibres capillary channels are created. Simultaneously, a netlike micro crack formation occurs, which connects these capillary channels. This enables the relief of internal stresses (mechanical effect) and the formation of a permeable transport system for the escaping water vapour (permeation effect).
The recommendation is based on the co-authors’ work organized by the RILEM TC 256-SPF “Spalling of concrete due to fire: testing and modelling”. It aims to provide useful information, guidance and best practices in fire spalling assessment to laboratories that perform large-scale tests based on fire resistance test standards. It provides guidance on the spalling observation techniques during testing, as well as post-test spalling quantification/assessment methods. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire resistance test standards, e.g. EN 1363-1 and ISO 834-1.