Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (177)
- Vortrag (38)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (16)
- Posterpräsentation (13)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (9)
- Buchkapitel (2)
Schlagworte
- MALDI-TOF MS (61)
- Polylactide (43)
- Cyclization (26)
- MALDI (21)
- Ring-opening polymerization (17)
- Polycondensation (15)
- MALDI TOF MS (9)
- Mass spectrometry (9)
- Pollen (8)
- Polymerization (8)
- Transesterification (8)
- Polymers (7)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (7)
- Catalyst (6)
- Crystallization (6)
- Ionization (6)
- Polymere (6)
- Catalysts (5)
- Crystalinity (5)
- Isosorbide (5)
- Lactide (5)
- Polyester (5)
- MALDI Massenspektrometrie (4)
- MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (4)
- Polyesters (4)
- Polylactides (4)
- Biobased polymers (3)
- Bismuth (3)
- Cyclic (3)
- ICP-MS (3)
- Imaging (3)
- Liquid chromatography (3)
- Multivariate statistics (3)
- Polyglycolide (3)
- Polymer (3)
- Polymerisation (3)
- Polyurethane (3)
- ROPPOC (3)
- Ring opening polymerization (3)
- SEC (3)
- Silver nanoparticles (3)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (3)
- Adsorption (2)
- Amphiphiles (2)
- Biodegradable (2)
- Blends (2)
- Block copolymers (2)
- Catechol (2)
- Chromatographie (2)
- Chromatography (2)
- Conductive carbon tape (2)
- Coupling methods (2)
- Crosslinking (2)
- Crystals (2)
- Cyclopolymerization (2)
- Dispersity (2)
- ESI (2)
- Electrospray ionization (2)
- Epsilon-caprolactone (2)
- FTIR (2)
- Field-flow fractionation (2)
- Isotope dilution analysis (2)
- Kopplung (2)
- Liquid adsorption chromatography (2)
- MALDI mass spectrometry (2)
- MALDI-TOF-MS (2)
- MS/MS (2)
- Macrocycles (2)
- Massenspektrometrie (2)
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (2)
- Plasma modification (2)
- Polystyrene (2)
- Polyurethanes (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (2)
- Ring-opening Polymerization (2)
- SAXS (2)
- Sample preparation (2)
- Sample pretreatment (2)
- Synthesis (2)
- TPU (2)
- Thermal degradation (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Tin catalysts (2)
- 2-oxazoline (1)
- A4F (1)
- AET (1)
- AFM (1)
- Abbauverhalten (1)
- Adhesion promoting interlayers (1)
- Adhesion promotion (1)
- Alternating co-poly(ether pyridine)s (1)
- Amphiphilic polymers (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Application (1)
- Aromatic organic compounds, (1)
- Aromatic pollutants (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Aryl iodides (1)
- Asymmetric flow filed-flow fractionation (1)
- Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) (1)
- Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transorm infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Bewitterung (1)
- Biobased (1)
- Biodegradability (1)
- Biodegradable polyesters (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Biosourced isosorbide (1)
- Blockcopolymer (1)
- CRM (1)
- Caco-2 cells (1)
- Caesium (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (1)
- Capillary electrophoresis (CE) (1)
- Carbon capture (1)
- Carbon fiberepoxy resin laminates (1)
- Carboxyl group (1)
- Catalytic ability (1)
- Cationic ring opening polymerization (1)
- Cationization (1)
- Chain scission (1)
- Chemical conversion of functional groups (1)
- Chemical reduction of functional groups (1)
- Classification (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Conjugated oligomers (1)
- Controlled radical polymerization (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Copolyester (1)
- Copolymer composition (1)
- Copolymer sequence (1)
- Copolymeranalytik (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Copolymers (1)
- Cotton effect (1)
- Coupling (1)
- Coupling techniques (1)
- Cyclics (1)
- Cyclisation (1)
- Cycloaddition (1)
- Cycloparaphenylenes (1)
- DCTB (1)
- Degradation (1)
- Dendrimers (1)
- Dendrons (1)
- Depollution (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Dried droplet (1)
- Droplet (1)
- Dynamic light scattering (1)
- ESI-Massenspektrometrie (1)
- ESI-TOF MS (1)
- Electron paramagnetic resonance study (1)
- Electrospray (1)
- Electrospray ionization (ESI) (1)
- Epsilon-Caprolactone (1)
- Epsilon-caprolactone (e-CL) (1)
- Equilibration (1)
- Europium (1)
- Feuchte (1)
- Field flow fractionation (1)
- Foldamers (1)
- Fractionation of polymers (1)
- Fragmentierung (1)
- Friction (1)
- Ft-IR (1)
- Functionalized graphene nanoribbons (1)
- Fundamentals (1)
- Glycodendrimers (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Gradient chromatography (1)
- Gradient elution (1)
- Gradient elution liquid chromatography (GELC) (1)
- Graphene monomers (1)
- Graphene nanoribbons (1)
- Graphene wires (1)
- Green chemistry (1)
- HPLC (1)
- Hafnium (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hexabenzocoronene (1)
- Hierarchical cluster analysis (1)
- Hierarchical self-assembly (1)
- High performance liquid chromatography (1)
- Host–guest systems (1)
- Humidity (1)
- Hybrid nanoparticles (1)
- Hydrolytic degradation (1)
- Hyperbranched polyesters (1)
- Hyphenated techniques (1)
- Imaging MS (1)
- Imaging techniques (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In vitro digestion (1)
- Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (1)
- Inlet ionization (1)
- Intrinsic viscosity (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ionization mass spectrometry (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Irreversible polycondensation (1)
- Isophthalic acid (1)
- Jacobsen-Stockmayer theory (1)
- Klassifizierung (1)
- Kopplungsmethoden (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LC-MS coupling (1)
- Lactides (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Lanthanide ions (1)
- Laser-induced redox reactions (1)
- Layer topography (1)
- Lead ions (1)
- Light scattering (LS) (1)
- Linear (1)
- Liquid adsorption chromatography at critical conditions (1)
- Liquid chromatography at critical conditions (1)
- Liquid chromatography under critical conditions (LCCC) (1)
- Lubricant (1)
- MALDI Imaging (1)
- MALDI Imaging MS (1)
- MALDI TOF Massenspektrometrie (1)
- MALDI TOF mass spectrometry (1)
- MALDI-TOF (1)
- MALDI-TOF MS/MS (1)
- MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (1)
- MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie (1)
- MALDI-ToF MS (1)
- MOF (1)
- Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Mass spectrometry imaging (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Matrices (1)
- Matrix segregation (1)
- Matrix-assisted ionization ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry (1)
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption (1)
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) (1)
- Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (1)
- Mechanism (1)
- Mechanism of polymerization (1)
- Mega-dalton (1)
- Metal ion complexation (1)
- Metal ion-intradendrimer complexes (1)
- Metal triflates (1)
- Metal-polymer interactions (1)
- Metal-polymer systems (1)
- Micro manufacturing (1)
- Microwave (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Molar mass determination (1)
- Molar mass distribution (1)
- Molecular masses (1)
- Molecular recognition (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Multicyclic polymers (1)
- Multiphysics simulations (1)
- Multivariate Analyse (1)
- Multivariate Statistics (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- N-vinyl pyrrolidone (1)
- Nanolithography (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanoparticles separation asymetrical flow field flow fractionation (1)
- Nanoparticles with same nominal diameter (1)
- Networks (1)
- Nässe (1)
- Oligoazobenzene (1)
- Oligospiroketals (1)
- On-surface polymerization (1)
- Organic Chemistry (1)
- Oxygen low-pressure plasma treatment of polymers (1)
- PCA (1)
- PET (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Peel strength (1)
- Pentafluoropyridine (1)
- Phenolic acid (1)
- Phenolic compounds (1)
- Phenyleneethynylenes (1)
- Phosphonate esters (1)
- Photoligation (1)
- Photooxidation (1)
- Photoswitchable (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plasma polymers with functional groups (1)
- Pollen grains (1)
- Pollenkörner (1)
- Poly(ether-phosphoramide)s sulfides (1)
- Poly(ethylene glycol) (1)
- Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1)
- Poly(lactide) (1)
- Polyaddition (1)
- Polycaprolactone (1)
- Polycarbonate-co-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (1)
- Polycondensations (1)
- Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polyethylene oxide (1)
- Polyforamidine (1)
- Polykondensation (1)
- Polylaktid (1)
- Polylaktide (1)
- Polymer MALDI (1)
- Polymer blends (1)
- Polymer chromatography (1)
- Polymer film (1)
- Polymer mass spectrometry (1)
- Polymer reference materials (1)
- Polymerization mechanisms (1)
- Polymers and Plastics (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polysarcosine (1)
- Polyurethan (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Quantification (1)
- ROMP (1)
- Raman (1)
- Renewable resources (1)
- Reversible addition/fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) (1)
- Ring opening polymerization (ROP) (1)
- Ring-opening Polymerisation (1)
- Ring-opening polymerizations (1)
- Salicylate (1)
- Sample loss (1)
- Self-assembly (1)
- Semi-interpenetrating networks (1)
- Silica gel modification (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) (1)
- Size-exclusion chromatography (1)
- Sn catalysts (1)
- Soft ionization mass spectrometry (ESI, MALDI) (1)
- Software (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Sonoga (1)
- Sorption isotherm (1)
- Sorption mechanism (1)
- Spacers (1)
- Speciation (1)
- Spirocyclic (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Succinic acid (1)
- Sulfobetaines (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Surface analysis (1)
- Surface coating (1)
- Tandem MS (1)
- Target plate material (1)
- Telechelic polyesters (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermochemistry (1)
- Thin polymer layers (1)
- Time of flight (1)
- Tin(II)octanoate (1)
- Toxicity (1)
- Toxicology (1)
- Triazenes (1)
- Two-dimensional off-line coupling (1)
- Two-dimensional-liquid chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- UPLC (1)
- UV (1)
- UV degradation (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- Ultraschallfalle (1)
- Universal calibration (1)
- Vacuum ionization (1)
- WMRIF (1)
- Water-soluble polymers (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Zinc catalyst (1)
- Zyklen (1)
- a2 + b3 polycondensation (1)
- cyclization (1)
- dispersity (1)
- mass spectra (1)
- mass spectrometry (1)
- polycondensation (1)
- polyesters (1)
- polyionic liquids (1)
- r.f. pulsed plasma (1)
- reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization (1)
- ring-expansion polymerization (1)
- surface modification (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (84)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (84)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (5)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (2)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (2)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (2)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (2)
- 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (2)
- 1.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
- 1.3 Instrumentelle Analytik (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (38)
Mechanochemically synthesized metal–organic Framework material HKUST-1 in combination with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer was used to form a polymer metal–organic framework composite material by a simple extruder.
This composite filament was used for 3D printing. Xray diffraction measurements were used to prove the homogeneous distribution of the metal–organic framework in the polymer on a centimeter scale, whereas X-ray Absorption Edge Tomography using a synchrotron radiation source was able to evaluate the 3D distribution of the metal–organic framework material both in the filament and the resultant printed sample with a resolution of a few lm. Our very first data indicate that, apart from a few clusters having significantly higher Cu concentration, HKUST-1 is distributed homogeneously down to the 100 lm length scale in both polymer bulk materials in the form of clusters with a size of a few lm. Absorption Edge Tomography in combination with data fusion also allows for the calculation of the metal–organic framework amount located on the external polymer surface.
Two kinds of cyclic poly(D- and L-lactide)s were synthesized, namely CI labeled samples mainly consisting of even-numbered cycles with low dispersity and CII, CIII or CIV-labeled ones consisting of equal amounts of even and odd-numbered cycles with high dispersity and igher molecular weights (Mw up to 300 000). Furthermore, linear poly L-lactide)s were prepared by initiation with ethanol and in both series the molecular weight was varied. The formation of stereocomplexes from cyclic poly(D-lactide)s and all kinds of poly L-lactide)s was performed in dichloromethane/toluene mixtures. The stereocomplexes crystallized from the reaction mixture were characterized in the virgin state and after annealing at 205 °C.
Stereocomplexes free of stereohomopolymers with crystallinities up to 80% were obtained from all experiments in yields ranging from 60 to 80%. Despite the high annealing temperature (maintained for 1 h), little transesterification was observed and the crystallinity slightly increased.
The successful off-line coupling of asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) for separation of nanoparticles (NPs) with different surface coatings was shown. We could successfully demonstrate that, in a certain NP size range, hyphenation of both techniques significantly improved the separation of differently coated NPs. Three mixtures of polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) with comparable core sizes but different coatings (no coating/carboxyl-coated) were studied. Separation in either method resulted in non-baseline resolved or non-separated peaks. In contrast, two-dimensional off-line coupling of AF4 and CE resulted in clearly separated regions in their 2 D plots in case of 20 and 50 nm particle mixtures, whereas the 100 nm NP mixture could not be separated at all. Various factors affecting the separation like hydrodynamic diameter or SDS concentration were discussed.
A comparison of tributyltin chloride, dibutyltin dichloride,and butyltin trichloride as catalysts of ring-opening polymerizations(ROPs) of l-lactides at 160°C in bulk reveals increasing reactivity in the above order, but only the least reactive catalysts, Bu3SnCl, yield a uniform reaction product, namely cyclic poly(L-lactide)s with weight average molecular weights (Mw ́s) in the range of 40,000–80,000. A comparison of dimethyltin , dibutyltin , and diphenyltin dichlorides resulted in the following order of reactivity: Me2SnCl2<Bu2SnCl2<<Ph2SnCl2. In this series also, the most reactive catalyst yields cyclic polylactides, but the extent of cyclization varies with the molecular weight. The formation of cyclic polylactides is explained by ROP combined with simultaneous polycondensation involving end-to-end cyclization (ROPPOC method). ROP of meso-lactide at 80 or 60°C yields even-numbered linear chains as main products, a result supporting the ROPPOC mechanism.
Five new cyclic catalysts were prepared by a new synthetic method from tin(II)-2-ethyhexanoate and silylated catechols, silylated 2,2´dihydroxybiphenyl or silylated 1,1´-bisnaphthol. These catalysts were compared with regard to their usefulness as catalysts for the ring expansion polymerization (REP) of L-lactide in bulk at 160 °C, and with two different tin(IV) derivatives of 1,1´binaphthol. Best results were obtained using seven-membered cyclic tin(II)bisphenoxides, which yielded colorless cyclic poly(l-lactide)s free of racemization with weight average molecular weights (Mw) up to 305 000 g mol-1. Furthermore, these catalysts were active even at a lactide/catalyst ratio of 20 000/1. Our new results were superior to those obtained from all other previously published catalysts yielding cyclic poly(L-lactide). The seven-membered cycles also proved to be more active than tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate with and without the addition of alcohol.
The structure and composition of polycarbonate polydimethylsiloxane copolymer (PC-co-PDMS) was investigated by applying various analytical approaches including chromatographic separation methods, spectrometric, and spectroscopic detection techniques. In particular, size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and liquid adsorption chromatography operating at different conditions (e.g. using gradient solvent systems) were used to achieve separations according to molar mass and functionality distribution. The coupling of both techniques resulted in fingerprint two-dimensional plots, which could be used to easily compare different copolymer batches. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was applied for structural investigations. The different ionization behavior of both comonomers, however, strongly limited the applicability of this technique. In contrast to that, Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy could be used to quantify the amount of PDMS in the copolymer at different points in the chromatogram. The resulting methodology was capable of distinguishing PC-co-PDMS copolymer from PC homopolymer chains present in the material.
Two sets of polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNPs) with comparable core sizes but different carboxyl group densities were made and separated using asymmetric flow field flow fractionation (AF4), capillary electrophoresis (CE), and the off-line hyphenation of both methods. Our results revealed the significant potential of two-dimensional off-line AF4-CE hyphenation to improve the separation and demonstrated for the first time, the applicability of CE to determine the functional group density of nanoparticles (NPs). Compared to the result acquired with conductometric titration, the result obtained with synthesized 100 nm sized PSNPs revealed only a slight deviation of 1.7%. Commercial 100 nm sized PSNPs yielded a deviation of 4.6 %. For 60 nm sized PSNPs, a larger deviation of 10.6 % between both methods was observed, which is attributed to the lower separation resolution.
L-lactide was polymerized in bulk at 120, 140, 160 and 180°C with neat tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnOct2) as catalyst. At 180°C the Lac/Cat ratio was varied from 25/1 up to 8 000/1 and at 160°C from 25/1 up to 6 000/1. The vast majority of the resulting polylactides consist of cycles in combination with a small fraction of linear chains having one octanoate and one COOH end group. The linear chains almost vanished at high Lac/Cat ratios, as evidenced by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and measurements of intrinsic viscosities and dn/dc values. At Lac/Cat ratios <1000/1 the number average molar masses (Mn) are far higher than expected for stoichiometic initiation, and above 400/1 the molar masses vary relatively little with the Lac/Cat ratio. At 180° slight discoloration even at short times and degradation of the molar masses were observed, but at 160°C or below colorless products with weight average molar masses (Mw) up to 310 000 g mol-1 were obtained. The formation of high molar mass cyclic polylactides is explained by a ROPPOC (Ring-Opening Polymerizatiom with simultaneous Polycondensation) mechanism with intermediate formation of linear chains having one Sn-O-CH end group and one mixed anhydride end group. Additional experiments with tin(II)acetate as catalyst confirm this interpretation. These findings together with the detection of several transesterification mechanisms confirm previous critique of the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory.
A new concept called “Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) combined with simultaneous POlyCondensation” (ROPPOC) is presented and discussed. This synthetic strategy is based on the intermediate formation of chains having two end groups that can react with each other. The ROPPOC syntheses are subdivided into three groups according to the nature of the chain ends: two ionic end groups, one ionic and one covalent chain end and a combination of two reactive covalent end groups may be involved, depending on the catalyst. The usefulness for the preparation of cyclic polymers is discussed with a review of numerous previously published examples. These examples concern to following classes of cyclic polymers: polypeptides, polyamides, polyesters, including polycarbonates, and cyclic polysiloxanes. It is demonstrated, that the results of certain ROPPOC syntheses are in contradiction to the Jacobson-Stockmayer theory. Finally, the usefulness of ROPPOCs for the detection of polydisperse catenanes is discussed.