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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) can contaminate plastic and rubber parts of consumer products including toys. PAH are present as impurities in some of the raw materials used for production of such articles, particularly in extender oils and in carbon black. Because PAH have negative effects on health (e.g. carcinogenic), standard methods have been developed in several countries to control PAH in consumer/toy products, mainly based on gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS).
To protect consumers from hazards of PAH, national regulations and maximum levels are already in force, for example in Germany. Recently, maximum levels for 8 PAH compounds (benz[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[j]fluoranthene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[a]pyrene and dibenz[a,h]anthracene) have been established by EC-regulation 1272/2013. This resulted in an urgent need for certified reference materials (CRM) to meet the requirements of the EC-regulation (1 mg/kg for each PAH compound in consumer products and 0.5 mg/kg in toys, respectively).
In 2016 BAM started a project to certify the PAH mass fractions in a toy CRM to fill the current gap of available reference materials. Several different toys from retailers were screened to obtain a real-life material representing PAH mass fractions in the range of the EC-maximum level. The finally selected material (rubber balls for children) was prepared and characterized with respect to homogeneity and stability of 18 PAH. The extension to other health-relevant PAH compounds, e.g. indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and benzo[ghi]perylene, will increase the applicability of the CRM for costumers, e.g. from industry, conformity assessment bodies and private testing laboratories.
The poster will present the current status of the ongoing CRM project including preparation of the candidate material and results from homogeneity and stability studies. In addition, first results of a joint German-Chinese interlaboratory comparison study will be shown.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of priority organic pollutants, which contaminate environmental compartments, food, and consumer products as well. Due to their frequent occurrence associated with elevated Levels of PAHs, plastic and rubber parts of consumer products and toys are particular sources of exposure. Although European maximum levels exist for eight carcinogenic PAHs in consumer products and toys according to REACH Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006, certified reference materials (CRM) are still not available. To overcome this lack, the first CRM for the determination of PAHs in rubber toys (BAM-B001) was developed according to the requirements of ISO Guide 35. The whole process of CRM development including preparation, homogeneity and stability studies, and value assignment is presented.
The assignment of the certified mass fractions was based upon in-house study at BAM using stable isotope Dilution analysis (SIDA) gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The obtained values were confirmed by the results of two interlaboratory comparison (ILC) studies with more than 50 expert laboratories from Germany and China. The mass fractions of 14 PAHs including all REACH and GS mark regulated compounds were certified ranging between 0.2 and 15.4 mg/
kg accompanied by expanded uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2). In addition, informative values were determined for 4 PAHs, mainly due to higher uncertainties and/or lack of ILC data for confirmation. BAM-B001 is intended for analytical quality control particularly based on the AfPS GS 2019:01 PAK method and contributes to improve the chemical safety of consumer products including toys.