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- Leaching (3)
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- Antimony (2)
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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Leaching experiments on the release of heavy metals and PAH from C&D waste and MSWI bottom ash
(2010)
Leaching tests are fundamental tools for the assessment of long-term impact of
contaminated waste materials on the soil-groundwater pathway. Waste materials should be
tested under conditions equal to their actual application in re-use scenarios to achieve reliable
results. Since the standards for leaching procedures available on international level so far are
either not validated or considered inadequate in respect to coarse grained materials, new
standards had to be developed. Therefore column percolation and batch test procedures have
been standardized and validated to enable their introduction to new German regulations
concerning waste management. Practical aspects of the test procedures as well as the
boundary conditions compared to the already existing standards will be described. Examples
including round robin test results will be given to justify the selection of the new
specifications.
Results of German ring tests on the vaildation of leaching standards for source term determination
(2009)
The industrial sector of bottom ash (BA) treatment from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) in Germany is currently changing. In order to increase the recovery rates of metals or to achieve a higher quality of mineral aggregates derived from BA, new procedures have been either implemented to existing plants or completely new treatment plants have been built recently. Three treatment trains, which are designated as entire sequences of selected processing techniques of BA, are introduced and compared. One treatment train is mainly characterized by usage of a high speed rotation accelerator whereas another is operating completely without crushing. In the third treatment train the BA is processed wet directly after incineration. The consequences for recovered metal fractions and the constitution of remaining mineral aggregates are discussed in the context of legislative and economical frameworks. Today the recycling or disposal options of mineral residues still have a high influence on the configuration and the operation mode of the treatment trains of BA despite of the high value of recovered metals.
Antimony in incineration bottom ash – Leaching behavior and conclusions for treatment processes
(2020)
Antimony (Sb) is used in industrial products mainly as flame retardant in plastic material. Due to such additives in plastics, about a half of Sb ends up in municipal solid waste incineration at the end-of-life and consequently in relevant amounts in the generated bottom ash. In contact with water, the initial leachability is low, as antimonates form sparingly soluble compounds with Ca2+. Following the carbonation of the incineration bottom ash (IBA) during the proceeding ageing the pH in the leachates decreases. With decreasing concentration of Ca in the eluate the solution equilibrium changes and antimonates dissolve. In Germany it is intended to regulate Sb in IBA with the planned implementation of the so called Mantelverordnung (MantelVO, containing provisions on the utilisation of mineral waste) in the near future. The limit values set in the draft might be critical for IBA and therefore pose a risk for the utilisation of the mineral fraction of IBA in the well-established recycling routes.