Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (88)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (36)
- Vortrag (35)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (31)
- Amtliche Bekanntmachung (13)
- Buchkapitel (10)
- Forschungsbericht (7)
- Sonstiges (4)
- Posterpräsentation (4)
- Monografie (1)
Schlagworte
- Rostasche (24)
- Bottom ash (15)
- Deponie (14)
- Zulassung (13)
- Leaching (11)
- Recycling (10)
- Geosynthetics (8)
- Groundwater remediation (8)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahn (8)
- Hydroxyapatite (7)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (94)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (94)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (6)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (4)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (3)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (2)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (2)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (1)
- 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien (1)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (1)
Paper des Monats
- ja (3)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (35)
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all living organisms and cannot be replaced. Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of phosphorus, but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two-step thermal treatment is suggested, including mono-incineration of sewage sludge and subsequent thermochemical treatment of the ashes. Organic pollutants are completely destroyed by mono-incineration. The resulting sewage sludge ashes contain P, but also heavy metals. P in the ashes exhibits low bioavailability, a disadvantage in farming. Therefore, in a second thermochemical step, P is transferred into mineral phases available for plants, and heavy metals are removed as well. The thermochemical treatment was investigated in a laboratory-scale rotary furnace by treating seven different sewage sludge ashes under systematic variation of operational parameters. Heavy metal removal and the increase of the P-bioavailability were the focus of the investigation. The present experimental study shows that these objectives have been achieved with the proposed process. The P-bioavailability was significantly increased due to the formation of new mineral phases such as chlorapatite, farringtonite and stanfieldite during thermochemical treatment.
Thermische Bodenbehandlung
(2008)
Municipal sewage sludge is a carrier of nutrients most important phosphorus (P) but also contains organic pollutants and heavy metals. A two steps thermal treatment is suggested based on 1. mono-incineration of sewage sludge under destruction of organic pollutants and 2. thermochemical treatment of the resulting ashes to remove heavy metals and increase P-bioavailability. The targeted products are marketable P-fertilisers. The thermochemical treatment was investigated in a gas tight lab-scale rotary furnace. Seven sewage sludge ashes of different origin and composition and one residue from gasification of sewage sludge were mixed with a chlorine donor (e.g. MgCl2) and thermochemically treated under systematic variation of operational parameters. The distributions of the heavy metals between solid and gas phase were determined. The heavy metals concentrations of the treated ashes met the legislative limits in most cases. The products from thermochemical treatment are suited raw materials for P-fertiliser production. Relevant process parameters such as temperature, type and concentration of Cl-donor and retention time were optimised for the thermochemical treatment step.
The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. The results show that the treatment of the mixed collected household waste in sanitary landfills would lead to a significant release of greenhouse gases. The treatment in MBTs with the recovery of valuables and the further disposal of the biologically stabilized fraction on landfills, as well as the treatment of the high calorific fraction (also called refuse derived fuel – RDF) in RDF plants, coal-fired power plants, or cement kilns, would lead to small amounts of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. The thermal treatment in waste incineration plants would lead to moderate amounts of avoided greenhouse gases. Only with the actually practiced separate collection and treatment of household waste were significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions avoided. In total, this is approximately 5.5 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents for approximately 45.5 million tons of separate collected and treated household waste in Germany in 2014.