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Dead sea Scrolls: materials characterisation by means of synchrotron based µ-FTIR spectroscopy
(2007)
The Dead Sea Scrolls belong to the most important cultural assets of mankind. Their long term preservation and study is a challenge that demands an interdisciplinary approach. As early as the 1950s natural scientists assisted the scholars in studying the scrolls. It was at this time that the first extensive study of the scroll material took place. It was found that most fragments were written not on leather but on parchment. In addition, a method for determining the age of the parchment was developed which is still of value today. In the 1990s the AMS-C14 method confirmed the palaeographic determination of the age of the manuscripts. The use of carbon ink throughout the scrolls is also consistent with the known scribal practices of that time. There are, however, manuscripts, and among them the famous Genesis Apocryphon Scroll, which exhibit ink corrosion, normally associated with iron-gall inks.
Today, 60 years after their discovery, a community of scientists from the Jewish National and University Library (JNUL), the Technical University of Berlin (TU Berlin), the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) and Fritz-Haber-Institute of the MPG (FHI) set out to scientifically investigate the finds of Qumran using the most modern methods. The results of the study will be used to determine the provenance of the texts as well as to contribute to their long-term preservation. A considerable part of the non-destructive investigation is taking place in the Berlin State Library and at the Berliner Elektronenspeicherring-Gesellschaft für Synchrotronstrahlung , BESSY II.
Preliminary investigations, performed at the BAM on some fragments, were used to evaluate the extent to which X-ray analytical methods can provide information regarding the geographical origin of the fragments and match the individual pieces. The interpretation of the measurement results is made more difficult by age and storage of the objects. It is believed that ageing processes as well as conservation methods have altered the samples in addition to the changes caused by environmental influences.
In collaboration with the TU Berlin, the samples from the parchments found in the caves near Qumran were tested by means of three-dimensional synchrotron based X-ray fluorescence analysis (3D-SyXRF). The aim of this non-destructive investigation was the identification of the inorganic material used in the manufacture of the parchments.
The XRF experiments are supported by the non-destructive analysis by means of synchrotron based infrared spectroscopy (SyFTIR) in collaboration with BESSY II as well as optical and electron microscopy in collaboration with Fritz-Haber-Institute (FHI).
Application of synchrotron infrared radiation in the study of organic coatings in cross-sections
(2008)
Flüssige Gefahr- und Brennstoffe sowie explosive Flüssigkeiten werden mittels zeitaufgelöster Terahertz-Spektroskopie (THZ-TDS) in Analogie zu den in der zerstörungsfreien Werkstoffprüfung verwendeten Strategien untersucht. Verschiedene polare Flüssigkeiten (Alkohole, Aceton, Wasserstoffperoxid, Nitromethan), unpolare Flugzeug- und Kraftfahrzeugkraftstoffe sowie organische Lösungsmittel werden in der praxisrelevanten Reflexionsgeometrie berührungs- und zerstörungsfrei im Zeitbereich charakterisiert. Die Absorptions- und Brechungsindizes einer repräsentativen Auswahl von Flüssigkeiten wurden im Frequenzbereich zwischen 0.1 THz und 1.1 THz unter Verwendung der Transmissionsanordnung spektral ermittelt. Die Messkonfiguration wird für stark und schwach absorbierende Flüssigkeiten jeweils angepasst.
Novel Technique for On-Line Monitoring of the Curing Process of Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites
(2021)
A specially developed experimental set up has been integrated into a commercially available FT IR Spectrometer to study the curing of Epoxy Systems. MIR and FIR spectra measured during the curing process at different temperatures of an epoxy system will be presented in dependency of the curing time. The experiments and the selected set up are discussed to demonstrate its potential for future monitoring and ageing control applications during a manufacturing process of polymer composites.
Optical constants of harmful and highly energetic liquids for application to THz screening systems
(2016)
The far-infrared (IR) optical constants of a set of hazardous and flammable liquids have been obtained by means of spectroscopic ellipsometry in attenuated total reflection configuration over a broad spectral range. Such liquids recently became of considerable concern for transportation security measures worldwide. Their optical identification at check-in gates can only become possible if the characteristic spectra are already known. The refractive indices and the extinction coefficients reported here contribute to a spectroscopic data base in the far-IR and terahertz (THz) spectral regions and may support modeling the performance of THz screening systems on liquids for airports and other security sensitive areas. Examples of several container material/liquid systems are discussed. From the measured optical constants typical THz waveforms are calculated and discussed.