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Ergebnisse aus dem AiF Forschungsvorhaben IGF 18823 N/1 "Optimierung von Korundschleifprozessen"
Ein Referenzwerkstoff mit einem definierten Oberflächenzustand wurde zunächst umfassend mittels elektrochemischer Korrosionsuntersuchungen, KorroPad-Untersuchungen und oberflächenanalytischer Verfahren charakterisiert. Anhand definierter Schleifversuche an diesem Referenzzustand wurden anschließend verschiedene Schleifparameter variiert, deren Auswirkungen auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit mit den gleichen Methoden beurteilt wurden. Somit war es möglich, den Einfluss einzelner Schleifparameter auf das Korrosionsverhalten aufzuzeigen.
Samples of the austenitic stainless steel grade X5CrNi18‐10 (1.4301, AISI 304) were ground industrially with various grinding parameters to study their influence on corrosion resistance. The ability of the mechanically ground surfaces to form a stable passive layer was evaluated by KorroPad test and a modified electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation test based on a single loop (EPR‐SL). Furthermore, the surfaces were characterized by surface analytical methods. The main influence was determined regarding abrasive belt type. Surfaces mechanically ground with granulate abrasive belts constantly had a lower corrosion resistance than surfaces ground with single‐coated grain. The granulate abrasive belts generated more sensitized surface areas and left formations of welded sample material on the mechanically ground surfaces. A post‐treatment with a nonwoven abrasive proved to be an effective finishing process by which the surface defects and sensitized material got removed and the surfaces regained the expected corrosion resistance.
Martensitic stainless steels are commonly used in cutlery fabrication requiring high hardness and sufficient corrosion resistance. The heat treatment process affects the mechanical and electrochemical behavior of martensitic stainless steels due to the precipitation of chromium carbides. Depending on the heat treatment the corrosion resistance of these steels can vary strongly, and improper heat treatment parameters can lead to a weak pitting corrosion resistance. The aim of this work is to identify heat treatment parameters influencing the corrosion resistance of martensitic stainless steels by using three different electrochemical testing methods. To this purpose, five different heat treatments were applied to the alloys 1.4116 and 1.4034. In addition to the determination of the critical pitting potentials and the modified double-loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation tests (DL-EPR) a new KorroPad indicator test was used assessing the pitting corrosion behavior. The results showed that all methods used were in good agreement for verifying the influence of the various heat treatment parameters on the corrosion behavior and to identify the effect of heat treatment conditions on the pitting corrosion resistance.
Nickel‐free high‐nitrogen‐alloyed stainless steels like the P2000 (X13CrMnMoN18‐14‐3) were developed to enhance the strength and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels like 304 and 316 while keeping the typical high ductility. The mechanical and corrosive properties of P2000 were investigated and compared with 304 and 316 to highlight the application opportunities of this new alloy. The microstructure of the solution‐annealed condition was characterised by electron backscatter diffraction and the mechanical properties were studied by uniaxial tensile tests, Charpy impact tests and hardness measurements. The passivation behaviour was analysed using the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation, whereas the pitting corrosion resistance was compared by pitting potentials and pitting temperatures. However, secondary thermal influences or suboptimal heat treatment can impair the corrosion resistance due to the precipitation of secondary phases and the resulting sensitisation. Thermodynamic calculations and artificial ageing treatment in the range of 500–900°C for up to 100 h were used to determine critical time–temperature parameters for sensitisation. The microstructure of the various aged states was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and compared with the degrading corrosion resistance characterised by the KorroPad method.