Changes in the structure of single-crystal (SC) superalloy SRR99 during creep at 980 °C and 200 MPa were investigated. Geometrical parameters of the y/y'-microstructure, y/y'-misfit, stresses in the phases and local misorientation of the structure were determined at defined points of the dendritic structure by use of X-ray diffraction (XRD), wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (WDXS), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Correlation of the microstructural period and local misorientation of the structure with creep strain were found.
Experimental characterization and mechanical modeling of creep induced rafting in superalloys
(2012)
A constitutive model has been developed for the high temperature mechanical behavior of single crystal superalloys, including rafting and its consequences. The flow stress depends on the γ channel width via the Orowan stress. An evolution equation for channel widening during high temperature straining has been derived and calibrated with measurements. Therein, rafting is assumed to be driven by the relaxation of internal stresses. The model is able to represent the mechanical softening at high stresses consecutive to rafting. The model has been applied to simulate rafting during uniaxial creep in several crystal orientations, in notched specimens as well as in cyclically loaded specimens.