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- 16S rRNA gene (1)
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A mathematical model to predict the heating-up in open air wood chip piles has been developed. This model includes the heat production from chemical, physical and microbial exothermal processes. In the manuscript the laboratory experiments needed to develop and validate the model are described. In addition, temperature and gas concentrations were measured in two large-scale wood piles (volumes bigger than 1000 m³), in order to provide the applicability of the model to large-scale scenarios. The predictions of the model and the large-scale experimental data showed good agreement concerning the maximum temperature reached inside an open air wood pile. Special attention has been devoted to the microbial processes, since they proved to be the most important cause of heat production in the early stages of storage. This work is intended to help in predicting and thus avoiding possible self-ignition scenarios for this type of wood storage.
The temperature and gas concentrations in a
newly established pine-wood debris pile of 20 m × 15 m ×
6 m in dimensions (approximately 400 tons of fresh weight
material) were monitored for 150 days. Temperature was
measured at ten different positions within the pile, while
concentrations of CO2, O2, CO and CH4 were taken at four
different representative locations. The pile was characterized
by a strong temperature increase within the first 10–
12 days of storage. Results of the gas analysis in this period
suggest that the temperature increase was caused by microbial
processes. In particular, reduced oxygen concentration
and almost complete absence of methane indicate mainly
aerobic respiration processes. Effects of weather conditions
on the temperature/gas distribution and time evolution are
also discussed in the paper.
Fast growing softwood species such as pine are preferred for biomass-based heat as well as electricity production and stored in large quantities. A newly established outdoor pile of freshly cut pine-wood chips was monitored to analyze exothermic processes. Inside the pile, a mean temperature increase of up to 44 °C was measured after six days of piling which was paralleled by a decrease of O2-concentration and an increase of CO2-concentration. Thereafter four additional CO2 maxima were observed, while O2-concentration remained at ambient concentration. The fungal community structure remained almost unchanged after four weeks, while the bacterial community structure was characterized by continuous shifts over time. The rapid heating in the early stage of storage corresponded to high relative abundance of microbial strains belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Luteibacter and Caulobacter, ascomycetous genera Sphaeropsis and Cadophora and basidiomycetous order Polyporales and genus Sistotremastrum. The late stage was composed by a broader diversity of microorganisms, and heating processes inside the wood pile were attributed mainly to physicochemical processes. Taken together, these observations suggest that the early bacterial and fungal communities are key players in exothermic processes and were replaced by a broader diversity of highly adapted microorganisms.
Das Interesse für erneuerbare Energieträger ist in den letzten Jahren stark angestiegen.
Im Bereich Biomasse als erneuerbarer Energieträger wird besonders Holz ein großes
Wachstum auf dem Energiesektor prognostiziert (NITSCH 2007). Die Speicherung dieser
Energie erfolgt meist durch Holzhackschnitzelhalden in der Umwelt. Um ein tieferes Verständnis
der in der Halde ablaufenden mikrobiologischen Prozesse erhalten zu können,
wurden in einer neu aufgebauten Kiefernholzhackschnitzelhalde mit den Ausmaßen
15 m x 20 m x 6 m folgende Messungen durchgeführt: a.) Messung der Gaskonzentration
von Sauerstoff, Kohlendioxid als auch der Temperaturentwicklung innerhalb der Halde; b.)
Messung der Veränderung der Holzzusammensetzung innerhalb der Halde über die Zeit;
c.) Charakterisierung der Veränderung der Zusammensetzung der bakteriellen als auch
der pilzlichen Lebensgemeinschaften über die Zeit; d.) Charakterisierung von dominanten
Vertretern der bakteriellen als auch der pilzlichen Lebensgemeinschaften. Die Ergebnisse
zeigen, dass sich die Funktion und die Zusammensetzung der Lebensgemeinschaften
über die Dauer der Holzhackschnitzellagerung ändern, und dass diese Änderungen nur
zum Teil mit den Prozessen bei Kompostierungsanlagen vergleichbar sind.