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- Vortrag (148)
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- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (72)
- 3.5 Sicherheit von Gasspeichern (37)
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- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (7)
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- 3.3 Sicherheit von Transportbehältern (5)
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- 8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik (4)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (2)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (2)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (148)
The application range of CPV (composite pressure vessels)
is multifaceted. But also the failure forms and the spectrum of measurement methods is manifold. On various, at BAM observed effects, it is shown why the micromechanical analysis of the composites is of such great interest for the prediction of aging effects of CPVs.
Der Vortrag stellte kurz die Abteilung vor und wo der Arbeitsbereich Druckgefäße einzuordnen ist. Er weist auf die Verwendung von Wasserstoff und auf unsere Kompetenz in der Beurteilung von Sicherheit, unsere Beratung und Forschung hin.
Darüber hinaus werden die in der BAM auf Wasserstoffspeicher angewendeten Prüfverfahren dargestellt und als ein Schwerpunkt die hydraulische Prüfung erläutert.
Über die Monte-Carlo-Simulation zur Beurteilung von Vorschriften führt er zum probabilistischen Sicherheitsansatz.
Due to high specific stiffness a nd strength properties, fibre reinforced plastics are used more and more often for the construction of pressure vessels. Within a recent research project run by the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), aging process of composite pressure vessels is investigated in order to be able to give more accurate lifetime predictions in the future. Focus is set on type III pressure vessels consisting of an aluminium tank which is fully wrapped with carbon fibre reinforced plastics. In order to increase high-cycle fatigue, residual stresses are induced into the pressure vessel during manufacturing process. In particular, residual compressive stresses within the inner aluminium layer have been defined as a main parameter affecting fatigue strength. The aim is to identify and evaluate residual stresses of the pressure vessel by analysing its modal parameters. Through the set-up of a finite-element model potential capability and validity for the use of modal analysis is proven and evaluated, considering influences resulting from manufacturing deviations, too. In the following, a number of stress sensitive modes are defined. Based on these preliminary numerical investigations, a test bench is set up in order to measure pressure vessels via an experimental modal analysis. A final critical evaluation regarding the accuracy of the modal analysis is made by comparing experimental results with data obtained through simulations.
Der Vortrag richtet sich an nationale Experten im Bereich Gefahrguttransport von Gasen.
Er zeigt einen kurzen Einstieg zur Geschichte und die Zahlen der BAM. Über die Struktur der A 3 führt er ein in die Strukturen derjenigen UN-Gremien, die Gefahrgutrecht gestalten. Darauf aufbauend wir gezeigt, wie die Interaktion der auf völkerrechtlichen Verträgen basierenden Regelwerke gelebt wird. Dies wird ergänzt durch Erläuterungen zur Interaktion der Landverkehrsvorschriften mit dem EU-Recht und wie die Bundesrepublik die Vielzahl der entsprechenden Zuständigkeiten unter Einbindung der BAM ausgestaltet.
Der dritte Abschnitt stellt die Verwendbarkeit von Druckgefäßen und die Vorschriftenzitate zur Zulassung zusammen.
Zuletzt wird dargestellt, welche Rolle die BAM inne hat und wie das Erlangen einer Druckgefäß-Zulassung durch die BAM effizient angegangen werden kann.
This presentation provides general data about BAM, the structure of department 3 and a short impression of the application of pressure vessels for hydrogen in stationary use, supply chain and onboard storage.
It guides to the actions of BAM as competent authority on this area and shows a lot different methods for testing operated at BAM. Based on this additional research has been detected as necessary for a competent tackling of the tasks as competent authority. After having mentioned several important research projects a figure is presented that compares the development of regulations with relevant re-actions of BAM. The outcome was a concept of a risk based definition of accepted failure rates in combination with probability-oriented safety assessment over entire service life.
The second aspect raised at INERIS is the issue of advising the BMVI concerning pressure vessels for hydrogen. Since the pressure is high for saving material consumption and weight there is still high interest in changing regulatory requirements. Therefor we developed an approach for the display of minimum requirements of regulations in diagrams (sample performance charts; SPC) and the probabilistic analysis for these deterministic requirements. This is done by Monte-Carlo simulation and the analysis of acceptance rate and survival rate of basic populations all over the SPC.
This finally provide same knowledge of non-approvable but safe ranges of parameters and even approvable but non-safe constellations. In addition, this analysis allows to optimise deterministic requirements in regulations to the intended level of safety for approved populations of pressure vessels, which is shown on the example of the GTR#13.
This presentation explains how the evaluation of technical requirements in regulations effects safety level. This shown by using the Monte-Carlo experiment consequently.
The first step is to explain how deterministic requirements and how probabilistic requirements work. Then the statistical behaviour of the generally unknown basic population can be described and that his behaviour is independent from the regulatory approach. Subsequently, the concept of evaluating sample test results with respect to deterministic requirements is explained. The item “acceptance rate” of the basic population that is behind each sample and behind each individuum in a sample is defined. On this collective understanding, the differences in evaluation between the probabilistic approach PA and the most important RC&S are discussed. Some areas are validated in contradictorily. Then the parameters for acceptance of burst strength in the UN-GTR#13 are varied and opens the door for an accurate improvement of acceptance criteria. Finally, the special aspects of degradation in load cycle testing are shown. There, two aspects must be differentiated, the current reliability and its degradation by ongoing load cycles. This is a convincing argument against the very common opinion, which means that the number of hydraulically tested load cycles pro-vides a figure for the number of acceptable filling cycles.
This presentation mentions the most important safety items that should be improved from the perspective of Germany.
These are the improvement of the understanding and definition of term "safety", the agreement on procedures for the measurement of safety and the issue of degradation in combination with the safety level to be ensured until end of life.
For using probabilistic experience for the whole production adequate measures for surveillance of the production should additionally become mandatory to be taken into account.
The essential aspects of these issues are shortly explained and highlighted by especially aspects of the slow burst testing with respect to non-cycle fatigue sensitive designs and the hint on the general scatter of properties (Monte-Carlo simulation).
This presentation explains how BAM operates the PA approach for the life-time surveillance based on the measurement of degradation.
The starting point is the sample performance chart (SPC) as developed by BAM. There it is possible to show minimum requirements, sample properties and lines of constant survival rates, these lines are called isoasfalia. The BAM provides a tool for the safety evaluation of results from sample testing. Then the interaction to the micro-mechanical approach of the FiBreMoD-project is linked with the idea of a degradation of strength and reliability. This leads to the methods of burst and cycle testing. For both methods examples are shown and degradation is explained by showing data of two design types. This visualise the determination of safe service life. Finally, statistical aspects of misinterpretation of test results and the reasons for the decision in favour of the slow burst tests are explained.