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- Diagonal compression test (5)
- Earthen materials (5)
- Rammed earth (4)
- Baustoffe (3)
- Compression test (3)
- Lehmbau (3)
- Strengthening (3)
- Earth block masonry (2)
- Earth construction (2)
- Einpressmörtel (2)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
The therapy of eye tumors with fast protons is an excellent tool giving very high local control rates. At the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin (HZB) almost 1800 patients were treated since 1998. A 2 MV Tandetron was installed as injector for the k = 132 HZB cyclotron. Using the standard 358 duoplasmatron ion source with direct extraction of negative hydrogen ions an extremely stable proton beam can be delivered, both on the short-term and the long-term scale. The hair-needle filaments made from thoriated tungsten wires have safe operation times of more than 1000 h.
Overview of different strengthening techniques applied on walls used in historical structures
(2012)
Characterisation of earthen elements. A comparison between earth block masonry, rammed earth and cob
(2012)
Schätzungen zufolge leben und arbeiten zurzeit 30 bis 40 % der Weltbevölkerung in Gebäuden aus Lehm. Darunter befindet sich auch eine nicht unerhebliche Anzahl an Baudenkmälern, davon viele in einem gefährdeten Zustand. Bauwerke aus Lehm erfordern einen hohen Unterhaltungsaufwand, da sie anfällig sind für Erosion bei Regen sowie Abplatzungen und Querschnittsschwächung, wenn Salze kapillar transportiert werden und auskristallisieren. Außerdem sind sie empfindlich gegenüber mechanischen Beanspruchungen. So führen bereits relativ niedrige Zug- oder Druckspannungen zu Schädigungen durch Rissbildung. Einige Lehmbauweisen werden heute nicht mehr ausgeführt und das Wissen über sie ist zumindest teilweise verloren gegangen. Die verschiedenen Lehmbauweisen unterscheiden sich deutlich in Bezug auf die Zusammensetzung des Materials und die Bautechniken.
Industrial byproducts and natural pozzolanas are increasingly being used as supplementary cementitious materials. In the group of natural pozzolanas volcanic ashes are the most prominent. Despite the fact that volcanic pozzolanas were used since Roman times, not much is known about their role in influencing the long term durability of concrete. The paper presents results of the volcanic pozzolana ‘Rhenish trass’, which is quarried in western Germany and its role during an alkali silica reaction (ASR). Field data and laboratory experiments indicate that trass releases alkalis into the pore solution but also changes cement paste chemistry and alkali binding behavior. There seems to be a sensitive balance between alkali release and increase of alkali binding capacity, both mechanisms crucial for the course of an ASR in concrete.
Earth represents one of the oldest construction materials, which is still utilised both in developed and in developing countries. In this paper a comparison of the mechanical performance of structural elements built in three basic techniques, earth block (adobe) masonry, rammed earth and cob, is presented. In order to gain better knowledge on the structural behaviour under static loads an extensive compression and diagonal compression (shear) test campaign was performed. First compression results showed brittle mechanical behaviour in the case of earth block masonry and rammed earth elements, whereas cob exhibited a very different stress–strain pattern: cob can deform beyond the elastic range with a gradual drop in capacity. Despite its low compressive strength, cob thus presents a relatively good performance within the earthen material range as far as shear behaviour is concerned.
The data here reported represents a base for a further investigation on the dynamic behaviour of the three materials considered. The study was carried out within the framework of the project NIKER funded by the European Commission dealing with improving immovable Cultural Heritage assets against the risk of earthquakes.
The study evaluates Portland limestone cement mortars, natural hydraulic lime mortars and pozzolan-lime mortars modified with water-repellent admixtures (metal soaps and siloxanes) for their use in the maintenance of historic buildings. The chemical-physical characteristics, the durability and the resistance to artificial weathering (exposure to UV light and artificial rain) were examined. The exposure conditions used in the ageing test were chosen in order to simulate outdoor environmental conditions, in particular the processes caused by UV-light and thermal shock induced by rain water.