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In einer den Stückgutumschlag von gefährlichen Gutem im Hafen von Rotterdam betreffenden Studie wurde die Frage aufgeworfen, ob Tanks von Tankcontainern für verflüssigte Gase bei einem Unfall während des Be- und Entladens von Schiffen - etwa dem Sturz aus einem Krangeschirr - total oder partiell versagen werden.
Das Unfallgeschehen beim Straßentransport wird wesentlich von Unfällen dominiert, die sich mit einer bestimmten Bauart von Tanks ergeben haben. Da die erwähnten Tanks weder den entsprechend verwendeten Eisenbahn-Kesselwagen noch Tankcontainern gleichwertig sind, ist somit bereits vorgezeichnet, dass Alternativen zur Erzielung einer gleichwertigen Sicherheit von Straßen- und Schienentransport denkbar sind.
Within the framework of the research project promoted by the Saxon Ministry of State for Environment and Agriculture (SMUL) (Reference: 13-8802.3521140), on April 27, 1999 a test was conducted on the BAM test premises in Horstwalde, administrative district Teltow-Fläming, in the Federal State of Brandenburg, during the course of which a 45 m³ railway tank car filled approximately 22% with liquefied petroleum gas was subjected to a fire test in which the railway tank car failed 17 minutes after commencement of the test (15 minutes after the fire had formed) (BAM Test Report No. III.2/9907 dated 30.06.1999).
Due to the uniqueness of such a test, which to the knowledge of the authors had never before been performed in this manner in Germany or in Europe as a whole, the Saxon State Ministry agreed to provide in addition to the railway tank car a Castor of the type THTR/AVR (without this having been part of the original project), which was also to be subjected to a fire. This report only deals with the test results of the Castor container where they are relevant to the overall project.
A detailed evaluation of the effects on the Castor container will be carried out by the BAM (Specialist Group III.3 "Safety of tanks for transport and storage").
Die Beförderung gefährlicher Stoffe in größeren Mengen findet überwiegend in Transporttanks statt. Im Hinblick auf die Beförderung entzündbarer Gase und Flüssigkeiten ergibt sich insbesondere beim Befüllen und Entleeren der Tanks sowie bei Reinigungs- und Reparaturarbeiten die Gefahr, dass die Tanks durch eine Explosion im Tankinneren über ihre Versagensgrenzen hinaus beansprucht werden. Gegen die Auswirkungen einer Explosion im Tankinneren empfiehlt sich die explosionsdruck- bzw. explosionsdruckstoßfeste Bauweise als alternative Sicherungsmaßnahme. Sinnvoll anwendbar ist diese Maßnahme jedoch nur dann, wenn Randbedingungen, unter denen sich Explosionen in Transporttanks ereignen können, bekannt sind. Ferner sind die Parameter, die die Explosionskennwerte tangieren, zu bestimmen. Es wird ferner über die erweiterte Definition des Begriffes "Explosionsdruckstoßfestigkeit", Methoden des analytischen und experimentellen Eignungsnachweises und Berechnungs- und Konstruktionsmöglichkeiten zu optimierter Auslegung von explosionsdruckstoßfesten Transporttanks berichtet.
Gefahrgut-Risikobetrachtung bei Tankfahrzeugen mit höheren Nutzlasten in der Tankstellenversorgung
(2006)
Because they are laid underground and because their job is to connect widely distant places, pipelines have some particular technical safety features. Chemical industry installations have fixed and instantly recognisable sites. Pipeline routes must be adapted to the constraints of infrastructure and topography, and environmental protection must be taken into account, as well as the possibility that the pipe system may be damaged by external influences. Even minor leakages can have considerable effects on watercourses and the soil, and in many cases, people are also injured. Numerous incidents abroad have proved this. In the recent past, even Germany has not been spared from sudden damage to pipelines. However, not much notice was taken of these incidents, as the resulting damage was minor and there were no fatalities. With hindsight, when seeking the causes of the damage, it is often the case that the rupture of a pipeline is associated with certain recurring features. The scene of the damage is often located near traffic infrastructure. Pipelines must of necessity cross roads and railways or are laid in parallel to such lines of communication. As a result of vibrations caused by traffic, this proximity can lead to ruptures. Road or rail accidents can lead to stresses which pipelines are unable to withstand. But a pipeline failure can have many other causes which cannot be predicted with any certainty and which even show regional particularities. In the interests of safe transport and land planning, it would therefore be worthwhile to be able to evaluate at least the possible consequences in terms of damage that might result from a pipeline rupture. There are hardly any publications on pipeline accidents, at least in German speaking countries; most of what is available is in the form of reports by the fire services. However, these are not sufficient to provide an overview of the situation. For this reason, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing has evaluated many international reports of investigations and publications and summarised what they have to say about the risks inherent in pipeline failures, particularly the damage that results. This report is the outcome of this work.