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A dynamic and quasi-distributed sensor principle for simultaneous measurement of length changes and optical power changes between reflection points in an optical fiber is presented. The technique is based on the incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR). Length change resolutions < 1 µm and measurement repetition rates up to 2 kHz can be achieved using standard single-mode and multi-mode optical fibers. Simultaneous length change and refractive index measurement as well as field test results showing the deformation of a masonry building under seismic load are presented. Promising fields of application for this technique are the structural health monitoring sector and chemical process control.
We present a novel technique for dynamic and simultaneous measurement of displacement and refractive indices at multiple reflection points in optical fibers. This quasi-distributed sensor is based on the incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) technique and allows for m-resolution length change measurement and precise refractive index measurement. We show that the dynamic measurement ability and the simple sensor design allows for new applications in the field of structural health monitoring and chemical process control.
A novel quasi-distributed long-gauge fiber optic strain sensor system for dynamic measurement
(2011)
We present a novel technique based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) to measure length changes quasi-distributed between reflection points in optical fibres. The technique enables length changes to be measured with a resolution better than 1 µm and allows for static and dynamic measurement capabilities up to 2 kHz. We demonstrate that dynamic measurements of multiple fibre sections can be conducted independently from each other with high precision. Due to the precise and dynamic measurement capabilities, the proposed sensor system is expected to open new fields of application, especially in the structural-health-monitoring sector. Possible applications are discussed in the paper.
Application of Intensity-Based Coherent Optical Time Domain Reflectometry to Bridge Monitoring
(2022)
Although distributed fiber sensing techniques have been widely used in structural health monitoring, the measurement results of bridge monitoring, particularly under destructive testing, have rarely been reported. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report of distributed vibration measurement results, which we obtained during a three-day destructive test on an abolished bridge. A coherent optical time domain reflectometry (COTDR) was used to acquire the vibration information while the bridge was being sawed. The obtained signal was analyzed in time and frequency domain. Some characteristics of the sawing-induced vibration were retrieved by the short-time Fourier transform; the vibration exhibited several high frequency components within the measured range up to 20 kHz and all the components appeared in the same time slot. Some unexpected signals were also detected. Thorough analysis showed that they are quite different from the sawing-induced vibration and are believed to originate from internal damage to the bridge (probably the occurrence of cracks).
Application results of a dynamic technique for simultaneous measurement of length changes and optical power changes between multiple reflection points in an optical fiber are presented. The technique is based on incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) and allows for measuring for example length changes and optical power changes quasi-distributed at repetition rates up to 2 kHz. Precise measurement with length change resolutions in the µm-range can be conducted using standard single-mode or multi-mode fibers. Previous results of dynamic refractive index change measurement and the use of polymer optical fibers for high-strain measurement are concluded and possible sources of measurement inaccuracies are discussed. Field test results with sensors installed on a masonry building during a seismic shake test are presented. The versatility and simplicity of this technique makes it potentially interesting for application in the structural health monitoring sector and chemical process control.
One of the unique advantages of polymer optical fibres (POF) is that they can be used to measure very high strain values up to 100 % and beyond exceeding the strain limits of silica fibre-based sensor principles. In this paper the distributed strain measurement capabilities of POF based on backscatter change evaluation are summarized and distributed backscatter measurement technologies are intro-duced. Application examples in the structural health monitoring (SHM) field are presented: a promising approach is the integration into technical textiles for high-strain measurement in earthwork structures and crack detection in buildings. The potential of POF for future applications in SHM such as distributed relative humidity sensing is discussed.
We report on the development of a distributed fiber optical sensor system for structural health monitoring of largc-scale geotechnical and civil infrastructures. The system is based on Brillouin frequency domain analysis (BOFDA) for distributed measurement of strain and temperature along Standard silica optical fibers used as sensors. By additional incorporation of the fiber optic sensors in geosynthetics, two-dimensional sensors can be realized. Such smart geosynthetics can be used for reinforeerneut of geotechnical and masonry structures and the embedded fiber optic sensors can provide information about the condition of the structures and detect the presence of any damages and destructions in real time.
In this paper, a cost-efficient distributed fiber optic measurement system based on Rayleigh scattering is presented. The distributed digital incoherent optical frequency domain reflectometry (I-OFDR) method is developed for detection of significantly large strain in the range from 3 % up to 10 % as required by end users. For this purpose, a vector network analyzer used in the I-OFDR is replaced by a compact and cost-effective digital data acquisition system. This digital emitting/receiving unit enables the recording of the complex transfer function carrying information about the local deformations along the entire sensing fiber.