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For the first time, we report the direct observation of the nanoscale adsorption and desorption of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (TNP) molecules on the crystal surface during atomic force microscopy scanning. Our results reveal the position instability of TNP molecules at the border of molecular layers under normal ambient conditions. The observed phenomena are of great interest for exploring the origin of hot-spot generation on the surface of energetic materials. On the basis of the explored properties of TNP crystal, a plausible mechanism of hot-spot formation upon weak initiation at the nanoscale is proposed.
Observation of nanoscale hot-spot generation on a 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP) single crystal
(2011)
An energetic material (EM) creates a local thermal point when it accepts energy and the EM will explode due to thermal decomposition when the hot-spot temperature reaches the explosive temperature. The initial stage of the hot-spot formation on 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol (TNP) single crystal has been observed at the nanometer scale using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The hot-spot generation has been directly initiated by means of an AFM tip. The phenomenon is accompanied by producing agglomerated spherical-like nanoparticles due to a low-temperature decomposition of TNP. It has been observed that the agglomerated particles are produced outside of the stimulated region. The observed decomposition process at the nanoscale doesn't lead to a self-sustaining shock as detonation or explosion. The results are of interest in relation to explore the origin of deformation-induced chemical decomposition or detonation of EM.
Polymer Adhesion
(2013)