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8iofuels including ethanol and biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester) represent an important renewable fuel alternative to petroleum-derived transport fuels. lncreasing biofuels use would bring some benefits, such as a reduction in oil demands and greenhause gas emissions, and an improvement in air quality.
Biofuels including ethanol and biodiesel (FAME) represent a renewable fuel alternative to petroleum-derived transport fuels. The aim of this work was to study the interaction between high density polyethylene (HDPE) with permeation barriers in form of polyamide (PA) and fluorination, and biofuels such as E85 (fuel with 85 % ethanol), biodiesel and B10 (heating oil with 10 % biodiesel). 10 l jerrycans made of polyethylene with permeation barrier of PA were filled with E85 and biodiesel and exposed to temperatures of 20 °C and 40 °C for 5 years. Half of the 20 l jerrycans of HDPE for filling with B10 were fluorinated at the inner layer to prevent permeation before the exposure. Tensile properties were determined once a year, and FTIR-spectroscopy was used to evaluate possible changes.
The tensile properties tensile strength and breaking elongation of HDPE jerrycan cuttings with permeation barrier decreased, but not significantly, after immersion in E85, biodiesel and B10. The elasticity modulus of the polyethylene grades was especially reduced during exposure to E85.
The FTIR spectra of HDPE jerrycan cuttings with permeation barrier showed that immersion tests for five years with the test fuels at 20 °C and 40 °C did not lead to a decomposition of the permeation barriers.
The aim of this work was to study the interaction between high density polyethylene (HDPE) grades as material for dangeraus goods packagings and biofuels such as E10 (fuel with 10% ethanol), E85 (fuel with 85% ethanol), biodiesei and 810 (heating oil with 10% biodiesel). Jerricans made of two polyethylene grades were filled with these fuels and exposed to temperatures of 20 oc and 40 oc for more than one year. Tensile properlies (tensile strength, breaking elongation and elasticity modulus) and Melt Flow Rate (MFR) were determined, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to evaluate changes in the chemical structure.
Measurements of the MFR and tensile properlies of the polyethylene grades after exposure to E1 0, E85 and 810 showed only a slightly damaging influence. A n increase in the peak of 1585 cm·1 for the (C=C) stretching vibrations was visible in the FTIR spectra after immersion tests with E85. A n increase in the MFR with the immersion time of the grades in biodiesei was measured - in parlicular, after one year of exposure. The elasticity modulus of the polyethylene grades was reduced with the immersion time too. The FTIR spectra showed a broadening of the C=O peak of 1740 cm·1 and the appearance of the hydroxyl group at 3500 cm·1.
Changes in fuel composition and the introduction of alternative fuels often create problems of degradation in materials. The objective of this research is to study the interaction of the sealing materials FKM, EPDM, CR, CSM, N8R, IIR, VMQ, FVMQ and PA and biofuels such as non-aged and 2 year aged biodiesel (FAME), E1 0 (fuel with 10% ethanol, E85 (fuel with 85% ethanol} and non-aged and 1 year aged 810 (heating oil with 10% biodiesel) in comparison with premium grade fuel without ethanol. Exposure tests were performed with test specimens at 20 °C, 40 oc and 70 oc for 84 days to document the changes in mass, volume and tensile properties. The sealing materials FKM, FVMQ and PA were evaluated as resistant in E10, and FVMQ, VMQ and PA as resistant in E85 at 20 oc and 40 oc. S welling resulted from the high absorption by the elastemers CR, CSM, EPDM, IIR and N8R in comparison to their dissolution in non-aged biodiesei at 40 °C. FKM was still resistant in aged biodiesei at 40 oc but only to a limited degree at 70 °C. The sealing materials CR, CSM, EPDM, IIR and N8R were damaged to a high extent in non-aged and aged 810. Of all the sealing materials, FKM and FVMQ showed high compatibility with these biofuels up to 70 °C.
The objective of this research was to determine the resistance of frequently used sealing materials such as fluorocarbon rubber (FKM), fluorosilicone rubber (FVMQ), silicone rubber (VMQ), ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM), chloroprene rub-ber (CR), chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM), butyl rubber (IIR), acrylonitrile buta-diene rubber (NBR), polyester urethane rubber (PUR) and polyamide (PA) in non-aged/aged biodiesel and heating oil with 10 % biodiesel at 20 °C, 40 °C and 70 °C. Mass, tensile properties and Shore hardness A/D (for polyamide) of the test speci-mens were determined before and after the exposure for 84/42 days in the aged and non-aged fuels of different age.
Biodiesel fuels are easily oxidized and contain acids and water. The sealing materi-als: acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene and ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and were generally not resistant to biodiesel and heating oil with 10 % biodiesel. Fluorocarbon rubber, fluorosilicone rubber and polyamide were the most resistant materials in all tested fuels up to 70 °C. The degree of damage to the sealing materials increased with higher test temperatures and the age of the fuels.