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Co-Cr-Mo-Werkstoffe sind im Bereich der Biomaterialien weit verbreitet und werden für Endoprothesen eingesetzt. Deren Lebensdauer ist jedoch durch tribologische und korrosive Dauerbelastung begrenzt. Um die Anzahl operativer Eingriffe am Patienten zu minimieren, ist es notwendig den Werkstoff hinsichtlich Verschleißbeständigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit zu optimieren. Hierfür ist ein umfassendes Verständnis der legierungsabhängigen Phasenbildung und –entwicklung während Herstellung und Wärmebehandlung notwendig. An einer speziellen Co-Cr-Mo Legierung werden verschiedene Untersuchungen zur Gefügecharakterisierung durchgeführt. Dabei werden die auftretenden Phasen thermodynamisch berechnet, mittels XRD nachgewiesen, die Phasenmorphologie durch EBSD analysiert, die Elementverteilung durch EDX-Analyse ermittelt und die Ergebnisse durch Farbätzen verifiziert. Das Ziel der Untersuchungen ist es, Optimierungspotentiale bei Herstellung und Wärmebehandlung zu identifizieren.
Nickel-free, nitrogen alloyed austenitic stainless-steels, with about 19 wt.-% Mn and 0,8 wt. % N, are an interesting alternative to classic CrNi austenitic stainless steels due to their superior mechanical properties (Rm > 900 MPa, A5 > 50 %, Av > 350 J) in the solution annealed condition. The formation of chromium-rich nitrides during suboptimal heat treatment, processing or application leads to an inhomogeneous distribution of alloying elements in the microstructure, which reduces the corrosion resistance. Consequently, an accurate knowledge of the sensitization behavior is indispensable for the use of nickel-free, high-nitrogen austenitic stainless steels. The relationship between artificial aging, phase formation and corrosion resistance was investigated on the alloys X8CrMnN18-19 (1.3815) and X8CrMnMoN18-19-2 (1.4456), both alloyed with 0,8 wt.-% Nitrogen, in the present work. The microstructural evolution was studied by LM and SEM while the corrosion resistance was characterized with the electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) and the KorroPad indicator-test. Both alloys showed increased corrosion susceptibility within critical aging parameters. Finally, a sensitization diagram was described successfully for both alloys showing the positive effect of molybdenum.
The copper alloyed stainless steel 1.4542 (X5CrNiCuNb16-4) is used in different areas due to its good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Strength and corrosion re-sistance can be adjusted by the heat treatment, which is of importance for the application of this alloy. The mechanical properties (strength and hardness) are attributed to the dispersive precipitation of the copper rich ε–Phase. The additional precipitation of chromium carbides can reduce the corrosion resistance. Different ageing states were produced to investigate the precipitation behaviour with various methods. Furthermore, the influence of cold-rolling on the precipitation behaviour was studied in comparison to a solution annealed state without deformation. The microstructure was studied by SEM and the variations of hardness and magnetic proportion were characterised. The electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) was used to determine the corrosion resistance and detect chromium depletion in all heat-treated states. The results show that a work hardening accelerates the precipitation rate, while ageing at 600 °C reduces the corrosion re-sistance due to chromium depletion.