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- 2012 (14) (entfernen)
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- Archaeometry (2)
- Collagen (2)
- Fine arts (2)
- 3D X-ray fluorescence analysis (1)
- Acetic acid (1)
- Acetic and formic acid (1)
- Air sampling (1)
- Archeometry (1)
- Assessment of emissions from materials for museum equipment (1)
- BEMMA (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (3)
The Dead Sea Scrolls that miraculously survived for over two thousand years suffered considerable damage due to various post-dicovery interventions. Today they are subjected to frequent travelling exhibitions. The current work collates the published information on exhibitions and conservational treatments with the results of the analytic studies of the skin-based material of the scrolls conducted since their discovery. The examination of the properties of the scrolls proves that frequent travel, exhibitons and the associated handling induce collagen deterioration that is covered up by the absence of a proper monitoring program.
In der kunstreichen Stadt Augsburg wurde das Hinterglasgewerbe Ende des 17. Jahrhunderts eingefiihrt, setzte sich mit dem Hinterglasmaler Johann Wolfgang Baumgartner (1702 Ebbs, b. Kufstein -1761 Augsburg) in den Jahren 1733 bis 1746 fort, erfuhr ab der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts, besonders zwischen 17S0 und 1800, eine wahre Blüte, um Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts langsam zu erlöschen. Augsburgs Hinterglasproduktion setzte im Vergleich zu benachbarten Städten spät ein, machte sich aber durch den umfänglichen Fernhandel einen großen Namen und die Stadt wurde zum führenden Zentrum des Handwerks. Mit seiner überzeugenden Umsetzung der grafischen Vorlagen in hintermalte Bildwerke hat Baumgartner einen entscheidenden Impuls zur Ansiedlung der Hinterglasmalerei gegeben.
A new approach for chemical speciation in stratified systems using 3D Micro-XAFS spectroscopy is developed by combining 3D Micro X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (3D Micro-XRF) and conventional X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy (XAFS). A prominent field of application is stratified materials within which depth-resolved chemical speciation is required. Measurements are collected in fluorescence mode which in general lead to distorted spectra due to absorption effects. Developing a reliable reconstruction algorithm for obtaining undistorted spectra for superficial and in-depth layers is proposed and validated. The developed algorithm calculates the attenuation coefficients of the analyte for the successive layers facilitating a new spectroscopic tool for three-dimensionally resolved nondestructive chemical speciation.
Several construction and building materials, including wood, glue and coatings, are possible sources of very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) like formic and acetic acid. Due to very high air tightness and very low air exchange rates in new buildings concentrations of these harmful substances can increase considerably. To minimize the risk, emissions from building products should be identified and quantified. With the common standard method, this means Tenax® sampling followed by thermal desorption and GC-MS analysis, these acids could not be detected sufficiently. The aim oft this study is the comparison of two different methods for the determination of acetic and formic acid. The sampling of method one, which is usually used for identification and quantification of VOCs, is done in accordance with ISO 16000-6 and ISO 16017-1 on Carbotrap® 202 multi-bed thermal desorption tube by subsequent identification and quantification with GC-MS. Method two is based on sampling on 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) cartridges, derivatisation, elution, identification and quantification of the derivatives with LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry).
Parchment has been in use for thousands of years
and has been used as the writing or drawing support for
many important historic works. A variety of analytical
techniques is currently used for routine assessment of the
degree of denaturation of historic parchment; however,
because parchment has a heterogeneous nature, analytical
methods with high spatial resolution are desirable. In this
work, the use of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and
synchrotron-IR (SR-IR) was examined in conjunction with
multivariate data analysis to study degradation of an
extended set of historic parchment samples, and particularly
to investigate the effect of lipids and the presence of iron
gall ink on the degradation processes. In the data analysis,
shrinkage temperature, lipid content, sample age, presence
of ink and accelerated degradation were included. The
analysis of loading factors in partial least-squares regression
and principal component analyses based on SAXS, SR-IR
and other analytical and descriptive data reveals the effect
of lipid removal on diffraction patterns, and lipids are found
to cause the degradation process in parchment to accelerate.
The effect of iron gall ink is also evident, although the
mechanism of ageing is different to that of natural ageing in
the absence of ink. In addition, a historic parchment score
from ca. 1750 is examined, demonstrating the significant
effect of iron gall ink, and lipids and inorganic soiling on its
increased degradation.
The aim of the research project 'Typology of
Dutch Drawing' was to establish an interdisciplinary approach
for investigating heterogeneous drawing collections.
To define a type common to a group of drawings, we
determine elements that are common to them based on style
and the use of identical materials. To that end, we investigated
about 750 Dutch drawings from the sixteenth century at the
Dresden Kupferstich-Kabinett using art historical and
scientific methods. In this work, we present a detailed
analysis of 30 drawings ascribed to the Egmont Master.
In this study, we address the question of the
provenance and origin of the Dead Sea Scrolls manuscripts.
A characteristic low ratio of chlorine to bromine, corresponding
to that of the Dead Sea water, may serve as an indicator for
local production. For this aim we developed a non-destructive
procedure to determine the Cl/Br ratio in the parchment of
these manuscripts. Micro-X-ray fluorescence (µ-XRF) measurements
of a large number of parchment and leather
fragments from the Dead Sea Scrolls were analyzed with a
routine we developed based on fundamental parameter
quantification. This routine takes into account the absorption
of the collagen matrix and the influence of the different sample
thicknesses. To calculate the representative Cl/Br ratio for each
fragment, we investigated the lateral homogeneity and
determined the total mass deposition using the intensity of
the inelastically scattered, characteristic tube radiation. The
distribution of the Cl/Br ratios thus obtained from the µ-XRF
measurements make it possible to distinguish fragments
whose origin lies within the Dead Sea region from those
produced in other locations.
Ausstellungskuratoren, Restauratoren oder Fachplaner stehen immer wieder vor der Entscheidung, geeignete Materialien für Museumsausstattungen auswählen zu müssen. Vitrinen, Depoteinrichtungen, aber auch Transportverpackungen für Kunst- und Kulturgut sollten unbedingt frei von Schadstoffen sein. Ein neues Verfahren ermöglicht nun eine problemorientierte Untersuchung und Bewertung von Materialien mit belastbaren und reproduzierbaren Ergebnissen.