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The application of intumescent coatings for fire protection of steel constructions is increasing.
Thanks to the relative thin thickness of the coatings, the typical visual appearance of the
structures can be preserved. In Germany, the applicability of the systems is regulated by the
national as well as European technical approvals. According to the approvals, the application
on steel members in tension is only allowed with limitations. Especially, the application on
solid steel rods in tension is currently not covered. The paper will explain the actual state of
the art of the application of reactive fire protection systems applied to steel structures.
Physical and technical background information will be provided. After that, the latest
scientific results of an on-going research project funded by the German National Institute of
Building Technology (DIBt) and conducted by the Federal Institute for Materials Research
and Testing (BAM) will be described.
Berechnung der Tragfähigkeit von historischen Eisenträgern mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Methode
(2011)
Reaktive Brandschutzsysteme
(2022)
Die Erkenntnisse zu reaktiven Brandschutzsystemen (RBS) werden kontinuierlich erweitert, was sich in der Entwicklung neuer Produkte und der Ausweitung des durch technische Regelungen abgedeckten Anwendungsbereichs äußert. Der vorliegende Beitrag konzentriert sich auf die Verwendung von RBS auf Stahlkonstruktionen. Neben einer umfassenden Darstellung der aktuellen nationalen und europäischen Regelungen zu RBS, werden technologische Besonderheiten und deren Einfluss auf den Regelungsinhalt im Beitrag thematisiert. Dabei werden neben sich abzeichnenden Neuerungen auch die entsprechenden wissenschaftlich-technologischen Grundlagen dargelegt. Ferner wird die Frage nach der Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von RBS für deutlich über 10 Jahre hinausgehende Zeiträume, und den sich damit einstellenden Feuerwiderstand der Konstruktion behandelt. Der Beitrag schließt mit einer Darstellung zur aktuellen Forschung. Daraus abgeleitet wird ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Forschungsthemen.
Intumescent coatings are used in civil engineering to improve the fire resistance of steel constructions. Due to the thin coating thickness and the profile-following application, the architectural appearance of the steel structure can be preserved. EN 13381-8 provides regulations to determine the contribution to the fire resistance of intumescent coatings applied to steel beams and columns. The scope of this standard excludes tension members and steel members with solid sections. For products that have already been successfully tested and assessed on beams and columns, EN 13381-10 offers the possibility based on unloaded fire tests to extend the scope of application of intumescent coatings to tension bars with solid sections. This approach contradicts the national safety level in Germany, where mechanically loaded testing is mandatory. Therefore, a new part of the test standard series EN 13381 is currently developed to enable the application of intumescent coatings on steel tension bars with solid section based on mechanically loaded fire tests. BAM has already carried out numerous fire tests on loaded steel tension members with intumescent coatings. Currently, in the BAM research project FIRESTEMIC, the influence of the steel bar orientation and the profile type on the thermal performance of intumescent coatings are investigated. Both questions concerning the thermal protection ability of intumescent coatings were analysed based on three different test sets, which were carried out in the tension furnace (Fig. 1a). The fire exposure corresponds to the standard temperature-time curve according to EN 1363-1.
This paper summarises the main findings from the fire tests conducted in the FIRESTEMIC project. The results serve as an experimental background for the proposal of the new standard. Regarding the bar orientation, a new test setup was developed and proposed for the new standard. The two tested commercial water-based intumescent coatings with applied dry film thickness from 1.5 mm to 2.5 mm showed only a slight dependence on the bar orientation. In terms of the steel profile type, circular and rectangular solid sections with identical section factor and applied dry film thickness were tested. It was observed that the circular solid bars with diameter 30 mm heat up faster compared to the solid rectangular bars with dimension 30×30 mm (Fig. 1b). Also at larger steel bars, i.e. diameter 40 mm and dimension 40×40 mm, the same trend occurred. Thus, it is recommended for the new test standard to allow a transfer of the test results from circular to rectangular solid sections. In addition, the paper will describe and explain the test and assessment procedure proposed for the newly developed standard.