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The ignition probability of gaseous mixtures of acetylene, hydrogen and ethylene with air due to mechanical impacts between stainless steel components was examined for various impact energies. Additionally, the sources of ignitions were identified by infrared high-speed recordings. The stainless steel types used had different chemical compositions in order to investigate the influence of the chromium content on the ignition probability. The investigations reveal different ignition probabilities of the gas mixtures as well as different sources of ignitions depending on the steel type used and the impact energy applied. Impact energies below 126 J resulted in ignition of the gaseous mixture at the hot surfaces of the pin or the plate in most of the cases. At higher energies, initiation of ignition due to abraded particles was more probable when using stainless steel components with lower chromium content whereas the source of ignition was almost exclusively limited to the hot surfaces of pin and plate for the steel with the highest chromium content. However, as opposed to the source of ignition, the probability of ignition could not be correlated to the chromium content of the stainless steel.
Die Konformitätsbewertung als Voraussetzung für das Inverkehrbringen von Geräten, die in den Geltungsbereich der Europäischen Richtlinie 94/9/EG fallen, bedarf einer Zündgefahrenbewertung, die auch die Gefahren durch 'mechanisch erzeugte Funken' berücksichtigen muss. In einem Forschungsvorhaben wurden in diesem Zusammenhang die von Edelstahlschlagfunken ausgehenden Zündgefahren untersucht.
The explosion of hydrogen gas storage cylinders on May 25, 1894, represents one of the most spectacular failure cases during the late industrialization period in Germany. With respect to modern applications to hydrogen storage as energy carrier, it has several times been referred to as precedent failure case for the whole industrial sector. The detailed investigation reports by Martens have thus gained interest in the last years, but also, because the publications in 1896 about his expertise already provided in September 1894 document one of the first and most comprehensive investigations which can be regarded as a nucleus for modern failure analysis.
After summarizing the newspaper reports in the introduction, the present contribution provides a review of Martens' reports targeted at the development of failure analyses and materials testing procedures as well as potential failure origins.