Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (50)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (33)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (28)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (2)
- Forschungsbericht (2)
- Dissertation (1)
- Sonstiges (1)
- Posterpräsentation (1)
Schlagworte
- Dangerous goods packagings (10)
- Gefahrgutverpackungen (10)
- Gefahrgut (5)
- Sift-proofness (5)
- Bubble test (4)
- Dangerous goods (4)
- Dichtheit (4)
- Helium (4)
- Leakproofness (4)
- Überdruck (4)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (11)
- 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien (11)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (2)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (1)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (1)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (1)
- 2.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (1)
- 3.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (50)
The presentation gives an overview about the testing of packagings according to the UN-Recommendations. After an introduction of the worldwide recommendations and the European regulations some packaging tests are presented. Examples of the current work of the UN Subcommittee on packaging testing and some on going research on packaging tests are presented.
A new irradiation device for the exposure of plastic products is presented. Developed in the BAM division 3.1 "Dangerous Goods Packaging" it can be used for artificial UV irradiation of plastic Containers filled with hazardous liquids.
Present regulations and tests only investigate the exposure effects of UV and of media separately, but as the damaging effect is expected to be synergistic for at least some media, a combined test was looked for.
A chamber of 60 cm by 60 cm base area and 1 m height gives space for up to 40 cm wide objects. Two fluorescent UV lamp arrays are arranged on opposite walls, separated from the chamber by quartz glass panes. By continuously rotating the exposure object by means of a rotary disc that the object is placed on, spatial irradiation homogeneity is achieved over the exposure duration. The spectral irradiance of the chosen UVA 340 nm lamps gives the best match of global solar radiation in the short wavelength ränge. The close arrangement of the UVA lamps (15 each side) results in 60 W m'2 UV irradiance.
Constant temperature is adjusted to typically 40 °C by the control of the fan speed. This temperature is chosen, as it is the required temperature for three week storage of filled polyethylene Containers, for proving Chemical compatibility in the field of dangerous goods. To ensure homogeneity, an interiorfan provides for air circulation.
Nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are applicable in many ways for defect detection as well as optimization of packaging production processes. The visual inspection method is the technique which is mostly used, although neither the customer nor a skilled inspector may be aware of this.
Techniques like ultrasound for wall thickness measurement, the application of x-ray techniques or the use of dye penetrant techniques for crack detection are rather well known to the NDT family. However, acoustic emission techniques can also be helpful for the characterization of packaging materials. In this paper the employment of x-ray computer tomography (CT) for measurement of wall thickness in plastic jerrycans, especially on the edges, and its possible optimization of production processes will be discussed.
A comparison of the CT and ultrasonic examinations of wall thickness and the reliability of this measured data are also important points for the discussion, especially if some safety factors can be derived from the results.
The leakage test is also good for jerrycans, IBCs or other kinds of drums for the transportation and storage of dangerous goods. The disadvantage of this kind of test is that a lack of quality, e.g. wall thickness deterioration, cannot be detected if the wall thickness withstands the internal pressure. Therefore, especially for Quality assurance, the other, previously mentioned techniques are better for a statistical assessment of a batch. This paper is focused on the comparison of different NDT results with special emphasis on the large range of material mechanical properties.
Barrieren manchmal notwendig
(2008)