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For several years, optical measuring techniques play an ever increasing role in various areas of construction. Applications ränge from simple laser-based distance measurements up to the use of advanced camera Systems to assess shape changes of components. The advantages of such Systems lie in the ränge of non-contact respectively in non-destructive measurement and in the high required accuracy and reproducibility. The continuous improvement and development of sensors and laser sources also opens constantly new applications and areas of applications. Already established measurement methods and technologies can be further developed and adapted to modern requirements. At BAM it is a laser-based measurement System has been developed that is capable to measure the roughness of component surfaces in equal to already established methods.
A silica residue from waste treatment of chlorosilane production was used together with solid sodium aluminate to test its applicability for the production of one-part geopolymers. The blend was activated with water and cured at 70 °C. The degree of reaction and strength were determined after 1, 3, and 7 days. The reaction products were analyzed by XRD and SEM/EDX. Until the third day of curing the degree of reaction of the residue reached 51 % and the strength was 8.9 MPa. The reaction product was identified as geopolymer containing zeolite A. Thus, the results confirmed that the residue may be used in the production of geopolymers. However, after 3 days of curing no further progress of reaction was observed and the strength slightly decreased, which was attributed to changes in the structure of the geopolymeric gel. It was further observed that even harsh vacuum drying left some water (presumably zeolitic water and surface hydroxyl groups) in the geopolymer.
The conversion of hydrated calcium aluminate cement (CAC) leads to an increase of its porosity which results in lower strength and higher permeability. Due to particular failures in the past, caused by conversion of CAC concretes, their use is sometimes considered to be not reliable. To evaluate the durability of converted CAC, pastes of two CACs were prepared at low w/c ratios (0.25 and 0.35), heated to 105 °C for 15 days and investigated by means of helium pycnometry, mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption as well as by air permeability measurements. The results were compared to the pore structure properties and permeabilities of hardened Portland cement (OPC) pastes. At identical w/c, CAC pastes and OPC pastes exhibited similar open and total porosities. The threshold radii of the CAC pastes were about one order of magnitude greater while the hydraulic radii of their open pore system were smaller. The CAC pastes possessed somewhat smaller permeabilities than the OPC pastes and can thus be regarded as being as durable as the latter in this respect. From comparison of pore structure parameters and permeabilities it was furthermore concluded that significant pore structure damage occurs in the CAC pastes during mercury porosimetry measurements and therefore the measured threshold radii have to be considered as unreliable.
Die Charakterisierung von Oberflächen mittels optischer Technologien wird dank des ständigen Fortschritts bei der Entwicklung von Sensoren und Lichtquellen immer attraktiver. Die kommerziell erhältlichen Systeme werden dabei immer leistungsstarker, empfindlicher und genauer. Mit diesen Systemen ist es möglich, viele hundert Messpunkte innerhalb weniger Sekunden zu erfassen und auszuwerten. Dieser Fortschritt führt auch im Baubereich zu einer ständigen Weiterentwicklung und Verbesserung von Messmethoden und Systemen. So werden bereits standardisierte und angewandte Messprinzipien weiterentwickelt, den neuen Möglichkeiten angepasst und deren Anwendung auf neue Bereiche ausgeweitet. An der BAM ist es gelungen ein Messsystem zu entwickeln, mit dem Rautiefen von Bauteiloberflächen in Anlehnung an bereits standardisierte Verfahren bestimmt werden können. Mit dem Mer vorgestellten System können sowohl horizontale als auch vertikale, gewölbte und geneigte Oberflächen untersucht werden. Dank der Implementierung geeigneter Algorithmen entsprechen die vom System ausgegebenen Ergebnisse denen der seit Jahrzehnten mit den volumetrischen Messverfahren erzielten Ergebnisse. Vor allem bei der Instandsetzung von Bauwerken bringt das an der BAM entwickelte System erhebliche Vorteile, da es zukünftig auch möglich sein wird Wände und Decken genauer zu untersuchen.