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Proposals for Performance Demonstration and Modular Reliability Assessment for Humanitarian Demining
(2003)
For safe and reliable demining it is necessary to determine the actual true performance of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. The subject to detect a hidden subject by penetrating physical interaction with the target is similar to that of non-destructive testing where it is looked for hidden cracks etc. in material via waves and rays. The non destructive testing profession is now about 100 years old and developed some procedures to check reliability of testing. Those principles like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false calls rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are analysed. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CEN BT 126
CWA07 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. A number of blind trials were accomplished within an ITEP project to learn about the necessary statistical layout of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance to selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in these investigations was on the influence of the human factor due to the degree of experience of the operators and the infulence of uncooperative soil. The correlation of the results of the physical parameter measurement and the statistical results is analysed in a first attempt.
Because the demining process is always connected with a danger for human beings, it is necessary to make sure the proper functioning of mine searching equipment in detecting mines. Detecting a hidden target by penetrating physical interaction of rays or waves is similar to non-destructive testing. The non-destructive testing profession developed procedures to check the reliability of testing. These procedures, like the performance demonstration where the successful detections are statistically evaluated against false call rates and their implementation in an industrial standard (ASME section XI appendix VIII) are used as a template. A first adoption to demining was accomplished in the prescription for blind trials in the CEN workshop agreement CWA 14747: 2003 for test and evaluation of metal detectors. Within an ITEP project a number of blind trials were carried out to learn about the necessary statistical basis of those trials to achieve true, reproducible and repeatable results to give guidance for the selection and improvement of metal detectors. The special focus in this first investigation was on the influence of the human factor due to the different degree of experience of the operators and the influence of the soil.
The detection of defects in aircraft components or parts of a power plant or mines in the ground is connected with the task to distinguish between signals caused be the item searched for and noisy signals from other sources. The reliability of the system is the better the better the system is in detecting the wanted signal and avoiding false alarms caused by noise. It is usual to measure the reliability of diagnostic systems in terms of ROC-curves (Re-ceiver Operating Characteristics) and POD-curves (Probability of Detec-tion). The ROC curves describe the POD versus Probability of False Alarm with growing system sensitivity along the curve. POD curves describe the Probability of Detection for a fixed sensitivity for a variation of item sizes or depths. Reliability of the whole system is always a composition of the physics
and technique, application influences and the human factors. For the scien-tific understanding and possibilities of improvement, decomposition accord-ing to a modular model is helpful. The authors present their experiences with the reliability evaluation of metal detectors for humanitarian demining and an NDT system of mechanized ultrasonic phased array testing of copper welds. The special concern in demining is the influence of soil types, detec-tors and the experiences of human beings.
ITEP project 2.1.1.2 - Final report - Reliability model for test and evaluation of metal detectors
(2004)
Metal detectors used in demining have been tested within the frame of the International Test and
Evaluation Programme project ITEP 2.1.1.2. Detection reliability tests were performed in accordance
with the CEN workshop agreement describing specifications for test and evaluation (CWA 14747:2003). Results of these tests are aimed to verify and should help to optimise the proposed testing
procedures.