Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Posterpräsentation (4)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (1)
- Dissertation (1)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (6) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- NEXAFS (2)
- XPS (2)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Polyvinyl alcohol (1)
- Quantummechanical molecular dynamics simulation (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Spektrensimulation (1)
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a powerful tool for probing the local chemical environment ofatoms near surfaces. When applied to soft matter, such as polymers, XPS spectra are frequently shifted andbroadened due to thermal atom motion and by interchain interactions. We present a combined quantummechanical QM/molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of X-ray photoelectron spectra of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) using oligomer models in order to account for and quantify these effects on the XPS (C1s) signal. Inour study, molecular dynamics at finite temperature were performed with a classical forcefield and by abinitio MD (AIMD) using the Car–Parrinello method. Snapshots along the trajectories represent possibleconformers and/or neighbouring environments, with different C1s ionization potentials for individualC atoms leading to broadened XPS peaks. The latter are determined by Δ-Kohn Sham calculations. Wealso examine the experimental practice of gauging XPS (C1s) signals of alkylic C-atoms in C-containingpolymers to the C1s signal of polyethylene. We find that (i) the experimental XPS (C1s) spectra of PVA (position and width) can be roughly repre-sented by single-strand models, (ii) interchain interactions lead to red-shifts of the XPS peaks by about0.6 eV, and (iii) AIMD simulations match the findings from classical MD semi-quantitatively. Further, (iv)the gauging procedure of XPS (C1s) signals to the values of PE, introduces errors of about 0.5 eV.
In Near Edge X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy X-Ray photons are used to excite tightly bound core electrons to low-lying unoccupied orbitals of the system. This technique offers insight into the electronic structure of the system as well as useful structural information. In this work, we apply NEXAFS to two kinds of imidazolium based ionic liquids ([CnC1im]+ [NTf2]− and [C4C1im]+ [I]−). A combination of measurements and quantum chemical calculations of C K and N K NEXAFS resonances is presented. The simulations, based on the transition potential density functional theory method (TP-DFT), reproduce all characteristic features observed by the experiment. Further, a detailed assignment of resonance features to excitation centers leads to a consistent interpretation of the spectra.
Diese Doktorarbeit ist das Resultat einer intensiven und fruchtbaren Zusammenarbeit zwischen dem Fachbereich 6.1 (Oberflächenanalytik und Grenzflächenchemie) der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) sowie der Arbeitsgruppe Theoretische Chemie von Professor Saalfrank an der Universität Potsdam. Zusammen haben wir die Strukturaufklärung von Systemen in kondensierter Phase unter Verwendung der Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie betrieben. Von Seiten der BAM wurden experimentelle Röntgenabsorptionsspektren hoher Auflösung an modernen Synchrotroneinrichtungen (BESSY II, Berlin) aufgenommen. Die Theoretische Chemie liefert, unter Verwendung quantenchemischer Methoden, die Möglichkeit die Spektren zu simulieren. Bei der Röntgenabsorption wird ein Photon hoher Energie von einem molekularen System absorbiert und in einen angeregten Zustand versetzt. Die Intensität der Absorption ist stark abhängig von der eingestrahlten Photonenenergie. Das resultierende Absorptionsspektrum enthält eine Vielzahl von Informationen. Meine Aufgabe bestand darin, die untersuchten Systeme am Computer zu modellieren.